410 



AMERICAN MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY 



Embryology — Cont'd. 



the sperm can have no influence. Beard, J. 



1902.1-1904.1. 



EARLY STAGES 

 in development 



The following papers deal collectively 

 with early stages of _ development, fer- 

 tilization, cleavage, invagination, etc., 

 in the following groups. The separate 

 phases of development will be found 

 below under the various headings. In 

 general these papers do not treat of the 

 subject beyond the formation of the 

 embryo. 



For papers dealing with the whole de- 

 velopmental history of the fishes named, 

 see the final sub-section, Embryology and 

 development of various fishes, below. 



Early stages of development in Amphioxus. 

 MacBride, E. W. 1898.1, 1900.1. 



Early stages in Petromyzon. McClure, 

 C. F. 1893.1. 



Early development in Elasmobranchii. 

 Dean, B. 1901.1; Eigenmann, C. H. & 

 R. S. 1889.11. 



Early stages of development in — Ga- 

 noidei generally. Dean, B. 1896.4. — 

 Amia. *Dean, B. 1895.2, .6; Lanzi, L. 



1909.2. —Lepidosteus. Beard, J. 1889.3; 

 •Dean, B. 1895.3,.6; Lanzi, L. 1909.2. 



— Acipenser. *Dean, B. 1895.3, .6. 

 Early stages in Teleostei generally. 



-Agassiz, A. 1883.1; Aubert, H. 1853.1, 

 1854.1; Bambeke, C. 1876.1; Browne, 

 F. B. 1907.1; Cunningham, J. T. 1891.5; 

 •Hoflfmann, C. K. 1880.1, 1881.1, 1883.2; 

 Kovalevski, M. 1886.2; Lanzi, L. 1909.3; 

 Meek, A. 1913.2; Prince, E. E. 1886.1. 

 Early stages in certain Teleosts. — Tra- 

 chinus. Boeke, J. 1903.4. — Perca. 

 Derjugin, K. M. 1901.1. — Perca and 

 Cyprinus. Rusconi, M. 1835.3, 1886. 2,. 3. 



— Cymatogaster. Eigenmann, C. H. 



1892.3. —Salmonidce. Klein, E. E. 

 1872.2, 1876.1; Oellacher, J. 1873.3, 

 1879.1; Ovsyannikov, F. V. 1874.1. 



— Lebias. Mazza, F. 1902.1. — Clupea. 

 DLxon, B. 1. 1913.1; Kupffer, C. W. 1878.1; 

 Pouchet, G. & Bietrix, E. 1889.1, .2. 



— Liparis. Platner, G. 1888.1. ■ — Noturus. 

 Sumner, F.B. 1899.1. —Esox. Truman, 

 E. B. 1869.1. — Serranus. •Wilson, H. V. 

 1891.1. 



Streaming of protoplasm 



Descriptions of the streaming of the pro- 

 toplasm to form the germinal disk in 

 Teleostei. Coste, P. 1850.1; Gerbe, Z. 

 1875.1; Henneguy, L. F. 1881.1; Pou- 

 chet, G. & Bietrix, E. 1889.1. 



For other references to the streaming of 

 the protoplasm, see under Fertilization, 

 and under Segmentation. 



FERTILIZATION 



General accounts of the fertilization of 

 the ovum. Blanchard, R. 1879.1; •Hert- 

 wig, C. W. 1903.1 ; •Rabl, C. 1915.1. 



Miscellaneous items, comprising notes, 

 observations, etc. Anderson, J. 1800.1; 

 Bastard, - 1812.1; BeU, C. 1874.1; 

 Kuohenmeister, G. F. 1866.1; Kupffer, 

 0. W. 1877.1; Ransom, W. H. 1855.1; 

 Schucking, A. 1904.1. 



Fertilization. — Early effects. Bam- 

 beke, C. 1872.1. — Affecting temperature 

 of water containing the eggs. Coleman, N. 

 1872.1; Hartshorne, H. 1872.1. —Caus- 

 ing decrease in size of ovum, Lampetra. 

 Okkelberg, P. 1914.2. 



Sperm extracts {salmon), effect upon ova. 

 Cremer, M. 1900.1. — Fertilization with 

 sperm contained in alcohol. Lebedintsev, 

 A. A. & Nedsoivin, A. 1912.1. — Effects 

 of radium treated spermatozoa. Opper- 

 mann, K. 1913.1. 



Centrosome, role in fertilization, Czer- 

 m^k, N. 1903.1. — Rotation of yolk after 

 fertilization, Esox. Reichert, C. B. 1856.2. 



— Polyspermy. •Riickert, J. 1910.1, 

 Add. 1892.2. 



Fertilization of the egg of Amphioxus. 

 Panceri, P. 1867.2; •Sobotta, J. 1897.2, 

 Add. 1895.1; Stricht, O.J896.1. 



Fertilization of ovum of Cyclostomata 

 (Petromyzon). Bohm, A. A. 1887.1, 

 1888.1; Calberla, E. 1877.1; Herfort, 

 K. V. 1899.1, 1900.1; Kupffer, C. W. & 

 Benecke, B. 1878.1; MllUer, A. 1864.1. 



Fertilization of the egg of — Selachii. 

 Riickert, J. 1891.1, Add. 1891.1. —Aci- 

 penser. Zalenskii, V. V. 1878.1. 



Fertilization of eggs of Teleostei. •Agassiz, 

 A. & "Whitman, C. O. 1885.1,.2, 1891.1. 



— Clupea. Arnold, J. N. 1906.1; Ewart, 

 J. C. 1884.3. — Clinus. Gintel, F. 1892.1. 

 • — Gasterosteus. Ransom, W. H. 1854.1. 



— Eels. Syrski, S. 1875.2, 1876.1. —Po- 

 motis. Wyman, J. Add. 1863.1. 



Fertilization in Salmonidce. •Behrens, G. 

 1898.1; Blanc, H. 1891.1, 1892.1, 1894.1, 

 1898.1, .2,.3; Bohm, A. A. 1891.1; Davy, 

 J. 1854.1; Kupffer, C. W. 1886.1; Oel- 

 lacher, J. 1873.2. 



For Cross-fertilization experiments, i. e. 

 fertilization of ova with sperm of remotely 

 related species, see under Hybrids and 

 hybridization. 



Many embryologists have artificially 

 fertilized fish ova during their studies. 

 Such efforts are recounted in many of the 

 foregoing papers. The following references 

 especially refer to artificial fertilization in 

 these forms. — Prototroctes. Allport, M. 

 1869.3. —Goldfish. Berkhouse, J. R. 

 1909.1. — Cantharus. Klinstler, J. 



1893.1. — Cristiceps. Kopsch, F. 1902.2. 



For Methods of artificial fertilization 

 used in fish culture, see that subject in sec- 

 tion on Pisciculture. 



CLEAVAGE OR SEGMENTATION 



For a general treatise on the cleavage of 

 the ovum, see •Sobotta, J. Add. 1897.1. 



Alternation of periods of rest with periods 

 of activity in segmentation (Bairachus), 

 Brooks, W. K. 1883.1. 



Relation of first cleavage plane to the 

 future embryonic axis. Bataillon, E. 



