418 



AMERICAN MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY 



Evolution — Cont'd. 



iracion) japonicus '^yields no evidence thai 

 there has ever been a migration of the fins 

 in the Gegenbaurian sense," Dean, B. 

 1902.1. — Further emphasis of these views. 

 •Osburn, R. C. 1906.2-1907.2. 



Palseontological evidence for the 

 origin of the paired fins. For a summary, 

 see •Woodward, A. S. 1892.3. 



The most primitive type of pectoral fin (in 

 accordance with the fin-fold theory) is met 

 with in the Devonian shark, Cladoselache. 

 This type of fins was termed Ptychoptery- 

 gium by Cope. For details see -A-Dean, B. 

 1892.1, 1894.1, 1896.1, 1902.2. — Pectoral 

 of Cladoselache considered to show no 

 "ground for deriving the paired limbs from, 

 lateral folds." Jaekel, O. 1892.3. 



EYE 



Comprising the structure of the organ 

 of sight. 



For the functions of the eye, see under Vision. 



For the rotation or migration of the eye in 

 flatfishes, see under Pleuronectidse. 



For Diseases of the eye, see under Pathology. 



For all abnormahties affecting the eye includ- 

 ing cyclopia, see under Teratology. 



For accessory eyes or " augenahnliche Or- 

 gane " of Leydig, Usov, et al, see Phosphores- 

 cent organs under Luminosity, etc. 



Ophthalmoscopy and dioptrics of the fish 

 eye. Beauregard, H. 1875.1; Hirschberg, 

 J. 1882.1. 



Observations on eyes of living Selachii. 

 •Franz, V. 1906.1. 



Size, relative to brain-weight [Sparidm). 

 Lapicque, L. 1908.1; Lapicque, L. & 

 Laugier, H. 1908.1. 



Anatomy and morphology. General 

 treatises. Berger, E. 1882.1, 1883.1; Car- 

 ri^re, J. 1885.1; Friis, G. M. 1879.1; 

 Virehow, H. 1882.1. 



Miscellaneous and general. Am., Sc. 

 1879.1; Drummond, J. L. 1814.1; Fripp, 

 H. E. 1866.1; Haller, A. 1762.1; Klin- 

 gelhoffer, W. 1911.1; Leuckart, R. 1875.1; 

 Rosenthal, F. 1811.2; Schiefferdecker, 

 P. 1887.1; Ziegenhagen, P. 1895.1; 



Bates, W. H. Add. 1914.1; Fischer, von 

 Waldheim, G. Add. 1830.1; Virehow, H. 

 Add. 1881.1. —Pre-Linn. refs, Cas- 

 serius, J. 1601.1; Derham, W. 1713.1; 

 Dupetit, F. 1728.1. 



Anatomy of eye of various fishes. 



Amphioxus, Niisslin, O. 1877.1. 



Cyclostomata, Bdellostoma, Myxine, and 

 Petromyzon, Allen, B. M. 1902.1, 1905.1; 

 Kohl, C. 1892.1; Langerhans, P. 1873.1: 

 Mozeyko, B. 1912.1; Retzius, M. G. 

 1893.1; Studnifika, F. K. 1912.2. 



Elasmobranchii. •Franz, V. 1905.1; 

 Tiesing, B. 1895.1. 



Ganoidei and Dipnoi (Protopterus). 

 Denissenko, G. 1889.1; Grynfeltt, E. 

 1911.1; Hosoh,- 1904.1. 



Teleostei. Deiehsel, G. 1908.1. —Cory- 

 phmna, Albers, J. A. Add. 1808.1. 

 — Boleophthalmus and Periophthalmus, 



Baumeister, L. 1911.1, 1913.1; Klingel- 

 hoffer, W. 1912.1; Volz, W. 1906.2,.3. 

 ■ — Gadus. Deslongchamps, J. A. 1853.2; 

 Albers, J. A. Add. 1806.1, 1808.1. — 

 Scomber. Dyce, R. 1866.1; Massalien, 

 F. C. 1815.1. —Thynnus. FaraveUi, E. 

 1890.1; Jurine, L. 1821.1; Massalien, 

 F. C. 1815.1; Moreau, E. 1872.1. — 

 Xiphias. Grant, R. E. 1826.1; Lauber, 

 -1904.1; Ciaccio, G. V. Add. 1883.1. 



— Carassius. Hirsch, J. 1912.1. — Silu- 

 rus. Matthiessen, H. F. 1886.1. — 

 Orthagoriscus. Meek, A. 1904.4. — Cy- 

 prinida, Thilenius, G. 1892.1. — Perca. 

 Wallace, W. C. 1835.1, Pleuronectes, 

 1834.2; — Luvarus, Berger, E. Add. 

 1881.1. 



For the structure, etc, of the degenerate 

 eyes of the blind fishes, chiefiy Amblyop- 

 sidw, see under Blind fishes of the eaves. 

 See especially Eigenmann, C. H. 1909.2. 



For the highly modified eyes of abyssal 

 fishes, see under Deep sea fishes. For 

 papers going into the subject most fully, see 

 Brauer, A. 1902.2, .3. 



Anableps, the "four-eyed fish," a South 

 American Poeciliid, has the eye divided by 

 a horizontal constriction to permit vision 

 both in the air and in the water. Refer- 

 ences are: M. C. Marsh in Evermann, 

 B. W. & Goldsborough, E. L. 1902.3, 

 p. 150; Klinckowstrom, A. 1893.1; 



Lac^pfede, B. G. 1799.2, Add. 1797.1; 

 Schneider, J. G. 1803.1; Schneider von 

 Orelli, M. 1908.1; Meckel, J. F. Add. 

 1818.1. 



Development and embryology. 

 General accounts. Desmoulins, L. A. 

 1823.1; •Froriep, A. 1906.1; Rathke, 

 M. H. 1833.1; Schenk, S. L. 1867.1; 

 Stockard, C. R. 1910.1; Waele, H. 1900.1. 



— Dev. of telescopic eye. Goldfish. Camu- 

 set, G. 1874.1. 



Invagination of optic vesicle. Froriep, A. 

 1905.4; Locy, W. A. 1894.2,.3; Stud- 

 nifika, F. K. Add. 1913.1. —Coloboma, 

 persistence of the choroid fissure. Berg- 

 meister, O. 1875.1; Virehow, H. Add. 

 1900.1. 



Development of circulatory system, Beau- 

 regard, H. 1876.1; Kittlitz, A. F. 1906.1; 

 Virehow, H. 1890.1, Add. 1900.1. 



Evolution, origin, and phylogeny. 

 Dohrn, F. A. 1882.2(x); Froriep, A. 

 1906.2; Gaskell, W. H. 1898.1 (ix); Jel- 

 gersma, G. 1906.1; Muller, W. 1875.2; 

 Parker, G. H. 1908.1; Metcalf, M. M. 

 Add. 190P.1. — Primitive organs of sight. 

 Beer, T. lf'01.1. — Origin in skin. Ber- 

 nard, H. M. 1897.1; Parker, G. H. 

 190 '.''. — Phylogenelic significance of 

 pi/f "/ Arrphioxus, Boveri, T. 1904.2. — 

 Shnidcrrcc of inlegymentory nerves for 

 orinin nf eyes. Parker, G. H. 1909.1, .2. 



Histology, in certain fishes, — Mycto- 

 phiim, and Sternoptyx, Brauer, A. 1904.3. 



— Morrhua. Cobbold, T. S. 1862.1, 

 1862.2. —Selachii. •Franz, V. 1905.1. 

 ■ — Ccphaloplerus. Mazza, F. 1889.1. 



