SUBJECT INDEX — MORPHOLOGICAL SECTION 



457 



B. W. 1902.7; Fowler, H. W. 1901.1; 

 Jordan, D. S. 1902.7; Kendall, W. C, & 

 Radcliffe, L. 1912.1; Steindaohner, F. 

 1901.1, 1906.4; Streets, T. H. 1878.1. 



Society Is. : Marine fauna, chiefly. 

 Gunther, A. 1873.1; Kendall, W. C, & 

 Goldsborough, E. L. 1911.1; Olmsted, 

 F. A. 1841.1 — Raiatea. Seale, A. 1906.1 



— Tahiti. Banks, Joseph. 1896.1; Jenyns, 

 L. 1842.1; Jordan, D. S., & Snvder, J.O. 

 1905.2; Seale, A. 1906.1; Vaillant, L. L. 

 1887.2. 



Suvarofl.: Stead, D. G. 1907.4. 

 Tonga Is.: (Friendly Is.) Kendall, 

 W. C, & Goldsborough, E. L. 1911.1. 

 Tubuai or Austral Is.: Seale, A. 1906.1. 



NEW ZEALAND 

 General treatises 



Catalogues. •Gill, T. N. 1893.1; 

 •Button, F. W., & Hector, J. 1872.1 — 

 Lists. Hutton, F. AV. 1890.1, 1904.2; 

 Kirk, T. W. 1880.1 ; Richardson, J.1843.3 ; 

 •Waite, E. R. 1907.1, 1912.1— Bibliog- 

 raphy. Hamilton, A. 1902.1 — Handbook. 

 Sherrin, R. A. 1886.1 — Work of travel. 

 ChUton, C. Add. 1909.1. 



Fresh-water fauna: Clarke, F. E. 

 1899.1; Gray, J. E. 1S42.1, 1843.1; Giln- 

 ther, A. 1867.7; Haast, J. F. 1874.1; 

 Hector, J. 1871.2; Mair, G. 1903.1 



(,Piako R.); Powell, L. 1870.1 (River 

 Avon); Vollams, S. E. 1873.1 — TFAanffa- 

 nui R. Mair, Add. 1880.1. 



Marine fauna: Anderton, T. 1907.1; 

 Arthur, W. 1883.1-1884.2; Benham, W. 

 B. 1901.1-1903.1; Bleeker, P. 1855.14; 

 Cheeseman, T. F. 1891.1; Clarke, F: E. 

 1878.1-1899.3; Colenso, W. 1878.1; 



Forbes, H. O. 1892.1; George, S. 1881.1; 

 Gunther, A. 1877.7, 1887.3; Gunther, A., 

 & Hector, J. 1867.1; Haast, J. F. 1873.1- 

 1878.1; Hamilton, A. 1902.3, Add. 1896.1; 

 Hector, J. 1869.1-1903.1, Add. 1872.1; 

 Hutton, F. W. 1872.1-1904.3, Add. 1879.1; 

 Jenyns, L. 1842.1; Knox, F. J. 1870.1- 

 1873.1; Kyle, H. M. 1901.1; Parker, T. 

 J. 1884.4, 1894.1; Richardson, J. 1842.5, 

 1845.2; Thomson, G. M. 1892.1; Waite, 



E. R. 1899.2, 1910.2, 1911.2,.4, 1912.2, 

 1913. 2, .3, .4 — Mokohinou Is. Sandager, 



F. S. Add. 1888.1 — Subantarctic islands. 

 Waite, E. R. 1909.2. 



North I. : (Marine fauna) Taranaki 

 coast. Clarke, F. E. 1898.1 — North Cape. 

 Regan, C. T. W14:.l,.4:— Wellington. 

 Rutland, J. 1896.1. 



South or Middle I. : (Marine fauna) 

 Dunedin. Parker, T. J. 1884.3 ; Thomson, 

 P. 1877.1, 1879.1; Webb, J. S. 1873.1 — 

 Hawkes Bay, Napier. H., A. 1883.1; 

 Hamilton, A. 1886.1 — Hokitika. Camp- 

 bell, W. D. 1879.1; Clarke, F. E. 1879.1 



— Moeraki. Parker, T. J. 1884.2, 1887.2 



— Nelson Harbor. Hector, J. 1882.1; 

 Kingsley, R. I. 1889.1 — Otago. Thomson, 



G. M. 1913.1 — Poverty Bay. Williams, 

 W. L. 1893.1. 



Campbell I. : Sauvage, H. E. 1880.6. 



Kermadec Is.: List and comparison 

 with Lord Howe I. Waite, E. R. 1910.1, 

 1911.1. 



PHILIPPINE ISLANDS 



Catalogue. Casto de Elera, F. 1895.1 — 

 Check-list. •Jordan, D. S., & Richardson, 

 R. E. 1910.1 — Fresh-water fauna. Boulen- 

 ger, G. A. 1895.7; Peters, W. C. 1868.3; 

 Smith, H. M. 1902.8 (LakeBuhi) ; Wood, 

 W. W. 1876.1 — Lake Manquae, Palawan. 

 Day, A. L. Add. 1914.2. Marine fauna. 

 Bleeker, P. 1865.12; Cartier, O. 1874.1; 

 Evermann, B. W. 1907.4; Evermann, & 

 Seale, A. 1906.1, 1907.1; Gentn, W. 

 1781.1; Gorgoza y Gonzalez, J. 1885.1, 

 1888.1; Gilnther, A. 1872.6; Jordan, D. 

 S., & Richardson, R. E. 1908.1; Jordan, 

 & Seale, A. 1905.1, 1907.1; Kner, R. 

 1864.4, 1865.3; Marion deProcg,- 1822.1; 

 Meyer, A. B. 1885.1 ; Pickering, C. 1865.1 ; 

 Radcliffe, L. 1912.1, .2, 1913.1,-2; Seale, 

 A. 1909.1, 1910.1, 1912.1; Seale, A., & 

 Bean, B. A. 1907.1; Smith, H. M. 1911.3, 

 1912.2,.3,.4,.6, 1913.1; Smith, H. M., 

 & Radcliffe, L. 1911.1; Smith, H. 

 M., & Seale, A. 1906.1 — Pre-Linn. ref. 

 Kamel, G. J. 1706.1. 



FINS (LIMBS OF FISHES) 



Many of the papers cited here include the 

 musculature of the fins. Other papers more 

 specificaUy relating to musculature will be 

 found below Limb and trunk muscles under 

 Myology. 



For the structure of the limb girdles, see under 

 Pectoral girdle, and Pelvic girdle. 



For the renewal of the dermal rays and the 

 fin-membranes after their removal, see under 

 Regeneration. 



For all references to abnormalities in the 

 structure of fins, such as the absence in some 

 individuals of certain fins, or the presence of 

 extra, accessory, or supernumerary fins, see 

 below Abnormalities of fins under Teratology. 



For the functions of the fins, see under Loco- 

 motion. 



Morphologically, the limbs of fishes 

 may be divided into the median and the 

 paired fins. 



SUPPORTING ELEMENTS 

 Endoskeletal fin-supports 



Both the median and paired fins are sup- 

 ported by an internal skeleton composed of 

 cartilaginous or bony endoskeletal pieces, the 

 radial elements (or pterygiophores of Parker, 

 T. J. 1886.3, p. 24). These provide supports 

 for the exoskeletal dermal fin-rays which are 

 described below. 



The essential distinction between the endo- 

 skeletal fin-supports and the secondary exo- 

 skeletal dermal rays was first brought out by 

 Bruch (C. W, 1861.1). 



In the Cyclostomata, presumably represent- 

 ing the primitive condition, the radial elements 

 are unsegmented outgrowths from the dorsal 

 and ventral vertebral arches, i. e. extensions of 

 the neural and haemal spines. In the Dipnoi, 

 the mesial supporting elements are also pro- 

 longed neyral and haemal spines, each being 

 subdivided into three segments. Likewise in 

 Pleuracantlnis, according to Woodward (A. S. 

 1892.3), the identity in origin of the endoskeletal 

 fin-supports and the processes of the vertebrae 

 is well shown. 



