SUBJECT INDEX — MORPHOLOGICAL SECTION 



461 



from a type of fin most nearly represented by 

 that of the living chimseroids." 



Emhryological development of paired fins' 

 in — Lepidosiren and Protopterus. Agar, 

 W. E. 1907.1.' — Ceraiodus (Neocera- 

 todus) •Semon, R. W. 1898.1, 1899.3. 



Musculature and innervation of the fins 

 of Ceraiodus. Braus, H. 1898.1, 1900.1. 



Skeleton of the paired fins, chiefly of 

 Ceraiodus. •Davidoff, M. 1879.1; Has- 

 well, W. A. 1883.2; •Howes, G. B. 

 1887.1; Sabatier,C. P. 1904.1; Schneider, 

 A. F. 1886.1, 18S7.1; Yanhoffen, E. 

 1890.1. 



Fins of Elasmobranchii 



As described by Balfour (F. M. 1S81.1, p. 

 663) , the skeleton of the pectoral fin of Elasmo- 

 branchs " consists of three basal pieces [radials] 

 articulating with the pectoral girdle ; on the 

 outer side of which there is a series of more or 

 less segmented cartilaginous fin-rays [also 

 - radials]. Of the basal cartilages one is anterior 

 [external], a second is placed in the middle, and 

 a third is posterior [internal]. They have been 

 named by Gegenbaur the propterygium , the 

 mesopterygium, and the metapierygium; and these 

 names are now generally adopted." 



Emhryological development of the paired 

 fins in Selachii, including the development 

 of the skeleton. Balfour, F. M. 1881.1; 

 Braus, H. 1906.2; Dohrn, A. 1882.2 (vi) ; 

 Goodrich, E. S. 1906.1 ; Ruge, E. (Spinax) 

 1902.1; MoUier, S. Add. 1892.1. 



Musculature, innervation, etc., of the 

 paired fins. •Braus, H. 1898.1, .2, 1899.1, 

 1906.2; •Backman,G. 1913.1; •Miiller, 

 E. 1909.1, 1911.1. 



Structure and arrangement of the skeletal 

 elements of the paired fins. Gegenbaur, 0. 

 1870.4; •HasweU, W. A. 1885.2; Hel- 

 bing, H. 1902.1, 1904.1; Howes, G. B. 

 1890.1; •Mivart, St. G. 1878.1, 1879.1; 

 Prince, E. E. & IVIacKay, A. H. (Lamna) 

 1901.1; Sabatier, 0. P. 1898.1, 1904.1. 



Pectoral fin skeleton in various fossil 

 sharks. Braus, H. 1902.1; Fritsch, A. J. 

 (Pleuracanthus) 1888.2-1891.1. 



See also Phylogenesis of Limbs under 

 Evolution. 



Numerous examples have been recorded 

 of abnormal rays or skates in which the 

 pectorals are not adherent to the head. 

 This teratologicdl form was described as 

 the new genus Propterygia, by Otto (A. W. 

 1821.2). For these references, see under 

 Teratology. 



For the appendages of the pelvic fins of 

 male Elasmobranchs (Myxopterygia) , see 

 Copulatory organs below Viviparity under 

 Reproduction. 



Fins of Teleostomi 

 Crossopterygii 



Skeleton of the paired fins of Crossop- 

 terygii. Emery, C. 1897.3; •Gegenbaur, 

 C. 1895.2; •Klaatsch, H. 1896.1. 



Variation in skeleton of pectoral, in 

 Polypterus. Bamford, E. E. 1913.1. 



Pelvic fin of Eusthenopteron. Goodrich, 

 E. S. 1901.1. — Pectoral of Caelacanthus. 

 Wellburn, E. D. 1901.4. 



Chondrostei and Holostei 

 Development of skeleton of pectoral fins 



in Aniia. Heronimua, C. 1911.1. 



Emhryological development of paired fins 



in Acipenser. •MoUier, S. 1893.1. 



Figures of the skeleton of the pelvic fin — 



Acipenser, Polydon, and Scaphirhynchus. 



Rautenfeld, E. 1882.1. — Polydon. 



Thacher, J. K. 1877.1. 



Teleostei 

 Bmbryological development of the paired 

 fins in Teleosts, chiefly the trout or salmon, 

 including the development of the fin skeleton 

 and the girdles. •Boyer, E. R. 1892.1; 

 Corning, H. K. 1894.1; Derjugin, K. M. 

 1908.1-1912.1; Duoret, E. 1893.1, 1894.1; 

 •Harrison, R. G. 1894.1, 1895.2; Oel- 

 laeher, J. 1872.1, 1879.1; Prince, E. E. 

 1886.3, 1890.2; Swinnerton, H. H. 



1905.1, .2; Swirski, G. (Esox) 1880.1; 

 •Vogel, R. 1909.1. 



Development of the large pectorals in the 

 flying-fish, Exocoetus. Derjugin, K. M. 

 1908.1; Derjugin, K. & Rozhdestvensky, 

 E. 1912.1. 



The larval Symbranchus, for a while, has 

 large pectorals which later disappear. Der- 

 jugin, K. M. 1912.1; Taylor, M. 1913.1. 



The larval sole (Achirus) likewise pos- 

 sesses pectoral fins which disappear when 

 it is half-grown. Putnam, F. W. 1865.8 

 1866.5. 



The young of Onus mustela have greatly 

 developed paired fins, which in the adult 

 are less in proportion. Paul, D. M. 1902.2. 

 Sexual dimorphism in development of 

 pectoral fins in Phoxinus. Fatio, V. 1875.1. 

 In Lophius, duTi%g development, there is 

 a sudden forward translocation of the pel- 

 vic fins. Ryder, J. A. 1885.13. 



Morphology of the paired fins, including 

 their attachment to the girdles, innervation, 

 skeleton, etc. Belling, D. E. 1911.1; 

 Bruch, C. W. 1861.1; Hamburger, R. 

 1904.1; Hammarsten, O. D. 1911.1; 

 Koltzoff, N. K. 1896.1; Nordenson, J. 

 W. 1910.1; •Pychlau, W. 1908.1; Rau- 

 tenfeld, E. 1882.1. 



The so-called " adipose lobe " of the 

 pelvic fin of Salmo is an enlarged scale ac- 

 cording to Shann, E. W. 1913.1. 



The pectorals of Periophthalmus are 

 modified to permit of overland locomotion. 

 For their structural modifications, muscula- 

 ture, etc. see Hammerle, L. 1897.1 and 

 Hamburger, R. 1904.1. 



The Gurnards (Triglidoe) have finger-like 

 {dactyloid or digitiform) appendages or 

 filaments at the anterior margin of the 

 pectoral fin hy which they feel the bottom in 

 search of their food. The following papers 

 refer to these structures, chiefly in Prionotus 

 and Trigla. Allen, H. 1886.1; BeUing, 

 D. E. 1911.1; Deslongehamps, J. A. 

 1843.1; Evant, T. 1903.1, .2; Hamburger, 

 R. 1904.1; Jourdain, S. 1870.1; •Morrill, 

 A. D. 1895.1; Tiedemann, D. F. 1816.2. 

 In some genera of Cyclopteridce (Cyclop- 

 terus and Liparis) and Gobiesocidoe (Lepa- 

 dogaster), the pelvic fins have coalesced to 

 form a sucking disk. See Adhesive disk. 



