464 



AMERICAN MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY 



Fisheries — Cont'd. 



DEPLETION OF FISHERIES 



For decrease in supply of fishes in 

 specific localities, see under Fisheries of 

 America: United States ; Europe: Austria- 

 Hungary, British Is., Denmark, France, 

 and Sweden. 



Causes: General discussions of causes 

 with suggested remedial measures. Baird, 

 S. F. 1874.18,.27, 1875.1; Bartlett, S. P. 

 1912.1; Bocoius,G. 1848.1; Bottemanne, 

 C.J. 1872.1; Dubois, M. 1875.2; Francis, 

 F. 1873.1; Rimbaud, J. B. 1896.1; Wie- 

 land, G. R. 1908.1; Anon. 166; Are- 

 nander, I. M. Add. 1869.1; Reindl, J. 

 Add. 1906.1. 



Destruction of immature fishes, 

 through improper fishing apparatus with 

 discussions of remedies, etc. Bean, T. H. 

 1890.9; Bourne, G. C. 1889.1; Calder- 

 wood, W. L. 1892.6; Ghadwick, B. P. 



1882.1, Add. 1886.1; Fulton, T. W. 



1891.2, 1894.3, 1895.2; Holt, E. W. 

 1892.2, 1893.2; Nickerson, S. 1884.1; 

 Sheley, G. A. 1884.1. 



Investigations on the ability of under- 

 sized plaice to survive if returned to the sea, 

 vitality of trawl-caught plaice, etc. (Few 

 seem able to survive.) -^Borley, J. 0. 1909.2; 

 Fulton, T. W. 1890.1; Herdman, W. A. 

 1893.1; Masterman, A. T. 1908.1; Reit- 

 zenstein, — 1908.1. 



Many of the references on the action of 

 the various types of nets and seines given 

 above under Apparatus and appliances, 

 refer to the comparative destructive effects of 

 their use upon the immature fishes. 



Over-fishing as cause of depletion, 

 chiefly of the North Sea. Ehrenbaum, E! 



1895.1, 1911.1; Fulton, T. W. 1891.5 

 •Garstang, W. 1900.5; Lyman, T, 

 1873:1, 1870.1; Petersen, C. G. 1903.3 

 Schneider, G. 1907.6; Bertram, J. G. 

 Add. 1873.1. 



Investigations concerning question 

 whether quantity of commercial fishes is 

 actually increased by liberation of artifi- 

 cially hatched fishes (cod and plaice) . — 

 Favorable opinion. Dahl, K. 1907.1; 

 Dannevig, G. M. 1910.2; Fulton, T. W. 

 1891.5. — Opinion unfavorable. Hjort, J. 



1908.2, 1909.1. 



Yield of salmon fisheries in Sacramento 

 R., Cal., almost doubled through artificial 

 propagation. Smiley, C. W. 1884.6. — 

 "Evidence" (pessimistic) regarding influ- 

 ence of salmon propagation in American 

 rivers. Murray, W. 1903.1. — Belief in 

 utility of sea-fish hatching. Brooks, W. K. 

 1889.1. 



Pollution of streams 



As a cause of the diminution of fishes. 



Efiect upon fisheries: Discussion of 

 regulation, means of prevention, etc. Alex- 

 ander, J. E. 1880.1; Anderson, John. 

 1880.1; Baird, S. F. 1875.4; Bean, T. H. 

 1892.3; Borgmann, H. 1893.1 (Soap); 

 Buckland, F. T. 1878.3; Field, G. W 

 1913.1; FiliusTerrae 1877.1; Fowler, H. 



W. 1914.3; Haselhoff, E., & Hunnemeier, 

 B. 1901.1; Hofer, B. 1901.2, 1904.1; 

 James, B. W. 1896.1; Knight, A. P. 

 1902.1, 1903.1, 1907. 2, .3; Leonhardt, E. 

 E. 1904.20; Leuckart, C. G. 1886.1; 

 Macadam, S. 1866.1 (Paraffin oil); 

 Massey-Mainwaring, W. 1883.1 (Sewage); 

 Mather, F. 1876.7; Nog, J., & Dissard, A. 

 1894.2; Perrier, L., & Labatut, — 1900.1; 

 Shutt, F., & Murray, J. 1900.1; Speedy, 

 T. 1896.1; Surbeck, G. 1912.1; Prince, 

 E. E. Add. 1900.3; Townsend, C. H. 

 Add. 1908.1. 



Possible use of Box salpa in water puri- 

 fication. Wilhelmi, J. 1911.1. 



Factory and refinery refuse : L^ger, 

 L. 1912.1; Thienemann, A. 1909.1, 



1911.1; Weigelt, C. 1880.1, 1885.1, 



Add. 1881.1; Whish, J. D. 1906.1; 



Tolke, 0. Add. 1882.1. 



Flax-steeped water, effects. Johanson, E. 

 1882.1; Reichardt, E. 1883.1; Steuert, 

 L. 1903.1. 



Gas manufacture wastes. Heiu, W. 

 1908.4; McDonald, M. 1885.1, .5; Swett, 

 S. B. 1883.1. 



Starch factory refuse. Fischer, E. G. 

 1901.1; Hofer, B. 1903.4. — In Obra R., 

 Germany. Cronheim, W., & Schiemenz, 

 P. 1901.1; Schiemenz, P. 1902.2. 



Sugar refinery refuse. Baudran, G. 

 1893.1; Marsson, M., & Schiemenz, P. 

 1901.1. 



Naphtha : Effects on fishes. Chlopin, 

 G., & Nikitin, A. 1899.1; Kupzis, J. 

 1902.1; Nikolskii, A. M. 1893.1, 1898.1; 

 Arnold, J. P. Add. 1897.1. 



Sawdust: Injurious effects in streams. 

 Bean, T. H. 1889.23; Knight, A. P. 

 1902.1, 1903.1, 1907.2,.3; Rasch, H. H. 

 1873.1, 1880.1; Zacharias, E. O. 1887.1; 

 Landmark, A. Add. 1882.1. 



Pollution in various places : Thames 

 R. Bean, T. H. 1889.19. — Pennsylvania. 

 Bean, T. H. 1890.33; Meehan, W. E. 

 Add. 1911.2; Ortmann, A. E. 1909.1.— 

 Dauphine, France. L^ger, L., & Dodero, 

 G. 1905.1. — Potomac R. McDonald, M. 

 1885.5; Marsh, M. C. Add. 1907.1.— 

 Germany, Rhine R. Nienhaus-Meinau, C. 

 1883.1; Ruhr R. Thienemann, A. 1912.6. 



— Tyne estuary. Baton, D. N. 1902.1. — 

 Pernau R., Russia. Schneider, G. Add. 

 1911.1. — Suritzerland. Schoch, G. 1892.1. 



ECONOMIC PRODUCTS AND 

 BY-PRODUCTS 



General treatises. Schmidt, T. 1904.1 



— The commercial products of the sea. 

 •Simmonds, P. L. 1879.1, 1883.1. 



Varia: Preparing shark skin in the 

 Philippines. Seale, A. 1911.1. — Diodon- 

 skin helmets in South Sea islands. Wilkes, 

 0. Add. 1845.1. 



For use of fishes in the medical practice 

 of the 16th-18th Centuries, see Medical 

 properties. 



Artificial Pearls 



Manufactured chiefly in Paris by coat- 

 ing the inside of hollow glass globules 



