492 



AMERICAN MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY 



Food — Cont'd. 



L. 1877.2; Drzewina, A. 1908.2; Elm- 

 hirst, R. 1909.1; Herrick, C. J. 1902.1; 

 Vion, R. 1877.1. 



Feeding habits of various fishes. — 

 Mackerel. Bullen, G. E. 1912.1. —North 

 Sea fishes (Pleuronectes, et alii). Franz, V. 

 1910.9. — Oasterosteus. Anon. 430. 



— Clupea. Swithinbank, H. & Bullen, 

 G. E. Add. 1913.1. Gadus. Trachmann, 

 C. O. Add. 1889.1. 



Ability of the deep-sea fish with an ex- 

 tensible stomach {Chiasmodon niger) to 

 swallow another fish larger than itself. 

 Carte, A. 1866.1, .2; Goode, G. B. & Bean, 

 T. H. 1896.1 (p. 292); Gilnther, A. 0. 

 1866.8; Gill, T. N. Add. 1875.1. 



Rumination in Scarus, alleged since the 

 time of Aristotle, disbelieved. Houghton, 

 W. 1867.1. — Description in Scarus of 

 lateral pharyngeal pouches presumed to 

 serve for food storage. Sagemehl, M. 1885.1. 



— Note on this. Breitenbach, W. 1885.1. 

 An (esophageal structure presumed to 



permit rumination in Catla buchanani is 

 described by Hyrtl, C. J. 1864.2. 



See also Voracious habits of various 

 predatory fishes under Predatory fishes. 



Food of fossil fishes 



Crustacea in abdominal cavities of fossil 

 fishes. Deslongohamps, J. A. 1866.1. 



Fossil fishes with ingested Saurian re- 

 mains. Eastman, C. R. 1911.2. 



Kinds of food 



Chub picking flies from cattle. Moodie, 

 R. L. 1909.1. 



Fishes picking mites from skin of men 

 who lie immersed in the stream for that 

 purpose. Anon. 235. 



Fishes eating. — Crustacea. Forbes, S. 

 A. 1878.7. — Oysters. Deyrolle-Guillou, - 

 Add. 1910.1; Pearson, J. Add. 1913.1. — 

 Medusce. Eisig, H. Add. 1884.1. — In- 

 sects. Hewitt, C. G. Add. 1913.1. 



Bel feeding on mouse. Banister, J. D. 

 1843.1. — on pufferfish. Putnam, F. W. 

 1872.3; — on eggs of Limulus. Warwell, 

 H. C. 1897.1. — on vole. Anon. 434. 



Cod feeding on whelks. Elmhirst, R. 

 1909.1. — on squid. Osborn, H. L. 1881.1. 

 — on whitings. Trachmann, f. O. Add. 

 1889.1. 



Different kinds of molluscs in stomach 

 contents of haddock. Clapp, W. F. 1912.1. 

 A Holothurian (Synapta) in stomach of 

 flat-fish. Peach, C. W. 1867.2. 



Shad feeding on shrimp. Huyler, A. J. 

 1876.1. 



Bream eating butterflies. Distant, W. 

 L. Add. 1914.1. 



An excellent paper. " The food of cer- 

 tain minnows " by -kC. M. Breder, Jr. & 

 p. R. Crawford has recently appeared in 

 Zoologica: Sci. Contribs. N. Y. Zool. Soc 

 1922, vol. 2, no. 14, pp. 287-327. figs, 

 ^f fishes feeding on mosquito larvce, see 

 Malaria, under Diseases of man. 



Plankton as food, i. e., the role of the 

 minute surface forms of animal and plant 



life such as protozoa, entomostraca, etc., in 

 the ali'tnentation of fishes. 



Food, mainly planktonic, of fresh-water 

 fishes. Arnold, J. P. 1902.2; Baird, W. 

 1857.1; •Forbes, S. A. 1880.1, .3, 1883.2 

 1888.1, .2, Add. 1914.1; Guerne, J. 1896.1 

 Leidy, J. 1881.1; Saunders, J. T. 1913.1 

 Smith, S. I. 1874.2; Steuer, A. 1901.1 

 •Zacharias, E. O. 1892.1, 1893.4-1896.1, 

 1898.2, 1901.1, 1902.1, .3, 1909.1. 



Diatoms eaten by fishes. Curtis, G. H. 

 1901.1, .2; Tokuhisa, M. 1908.1; Zacha- 

 rias, E. O. 1902.2. 



For the utilization of the natural plankton 

 as food for cultivated young pond fishes, by 

 making conditions favorable for its increase, 

 see Natural food under Pisciculture. 



Plankton (chiefly) , as the source of food 

 of marine flshes. -A-Brooks, W. K. 1893.3; 

 Day, F. 1882.5; Franke, J. 1906.1; 

 Fulton, T. W. 1889.1; Hofer, B. 1896.1; 

 Mcintosh, W. C. 1887.2; Mobius, K. A. 

 1881.1, 1882.1; •Peck, J. I. 1896.1; 

 Ryder, J. A. 1882.10, Add. 1884.2; Sau- 

 vage, H. E. 1888.5; Steuer, A. 1905.1, .2; 

 Sieard, A. 1877.1; Verrill, A. E. 1871.2; 

 •Wright, R. R. 1907.1; Dunn, M. Add. 

 1885.1. 



Fresh-water plankton in the stomach of a 

 Peruvian Characin, Lebiasina. Ehren- 

 berg, C. G. 1848.1. 



FOOD OF VARIOUS FISHES 

 Food of Ganoids 



Food of the dogfish, Amia calva. Dean, 

 B. 1899.4. 



The natural food of the young gar-pike 

 (Lepidosteus) consists of mosquito larvce. 

 Mark, E. L. 1890.1. 



Food of the sturgeon, Acipenser. •Behn- 

 ing, A. L. 1912.1; Prince, E. E. 1899.1; 

 Tenney, S. 1877.1; Tichij, M. 1912.2. 



Food of Plagiostomes 



Basking shark (Cetorhinus) and whale 

 shark (Rhineodon) feed on plankton sifted 

 by their branchial appendages. — Cetor- 

 hinus. Baird, S. F. 1873.13; Day, F. 

 1885.1; Pengelly, W. 1891.1; Hadfield, 

 H. Add. 1885.1. ■ — Rhineodon. Gudger, 

 E. W. 1915.1; Kampen, P. N. 1908.1. 



Eagle-ray (JUtobatis) crushes shells of ■ 

 clams with its teeth. Coles, R. J. 1910.1; 

 Gudger, E. W. 1914.1. 



Spines of fifty sting-rays, which it had 

 eaten, removed from throat df a hammerhead 

 shark. Gudger, E. AV. 1907.1. 



Food ofMustelus. Atwood, N. E. 1864.3, 

 Skate feeding on lobster. Halkett, A. 

 1910.1. — on sand-eels, whelks, and cuttle- 

 fish. Wilcocks, J. C. Add. 1886.1. 



Food of Chimaira. Scott, T. 1911.2. 



For human remains in stomachs of tnati- 

 eating sharks, see under Predatory fishes. 



Food of Teleoats 



Sub-order Acanthopterygii 

 Food of Cyclopterus. Apstein, C. 1910.1. 

 — Halibut. Bean, B. A. 1889.9; •Scott, 

 T. (1000 stomachs examined) 1911.2. — 



