SUBJECT INDEX — MORPHOLOGICAL SECTION 



505 



General treatises. Histories of natural 

 sciences from the earliest times to the present. 

 •Carus, J. V. 1872.1, 1880.1; •Cuvier, 

 G. 1841.1; Dannemann, J. F. 1S96.1; 

 Haeokel, E. H. 1908.1; Jaeger. O. 1897.1; 

 •Locy, AY. A. 1908.1; •Miall, L. C. 

 1911.1, 1912.1; •Osborn, H. F. 1894.1; 

 Spix, J. B. 1811.1; Wimmer, J. 1903.1, 

 1905.1; Woodward, B. B. 1905.1. 



Greek and Roman ichthyology. 



Three fishes of the ancients; Lucema, 

 Charax, and Hyaena. Bouros, G. 1840.1. 



— ForGlanis ofancienlGrceks and Rmnans, 

 see Parasilurus. 



Xatural history knowledge of the ancients. 

 Eastman, C. R. 1905.4; Pleyel, J. 1905.1; 

 .Schneider, J. G. 17S2.1, 17S3.1; Schvarcz, 

 G. 1862.1; Sophocles, E. A. 1860.1; 

 •Stmnz, F. 1904.1; •Voigt, G. 1893.1; 

 • Lenz, H. O. Add. 1856.1; Schneider, K. 

 Add. 1892.1. 



The Prc-Aristotelians. Mieli, A. 1916.1. 



— Review of this. Thompson, T>. W. 

 1916.1. 



Reference should be made in the Pre-Linn. 

 section to the following classical writers, 

 most representative of their time. jElian, C. 

 1533.1; •Aristotle. 1476.1; Arrian, F. 

 1508.1; •Athenaeus, X. 1514.1; Caesa- 

 rius, J. 1518.1; Cassiodorus, M. A. 1579.1; 

 Figulus, P. N. 1492.1; Homer. 1488.1; 

 •Oppian. 1478.1; Ovid 1471.1; •Pliny, 

 C. 1469.1; PoUux, J. 1608.1; Sohnus, 

 C. J. 1475. 1 ; Suidas, - 1499. 1 ; Theoc- 

 ritus. 1678.1. 



Mediaeval knowledge. Popular trea- 

 tises on science in the Middle Ages. Moule, 

 H. M. 1868.1; Pouchet, F. A. 1853.1; 

 Wright, T. Add. 1841.1. 



Bestiaries (MSS.) of the ISth and ISth 

 Centuries. Morgan, J. P. 1906.1; Anet, 

 C. Add. 1913.1. — Codex Ricardiano, 

 1357. ilcKenzie, K. 1905.1. • —Ecbasis 

 captivi, 940. Voigt, E. 1875.1. 



Reference should be made in the Pre-Linn. 

 section to the following representative writers 

 of the Renaissance. Albertus Magnus 

 1478.1; Cardano, G. 1550.1; Ciriuo, A. 

 1653.1; Clusius, C. 1605.1; Freigius, 

 J. T. 1579.1; Massarius, F. 1734.1; 

 Musurus, M. 1515.1; Phile, M. 1533.1. 



Modern period. History of zoology. 



— In Austria, 1860-1900. Steindachner, 

 F. 1901.2. —In America. Wilson, H. V. 

 1912.1. 



HYBRIDS AND HYBRIDIZATION 



Among fishes, hybrids have been recorded 

 only from the Teleostei. 



For the short Hfe of spermatozoa in water 

 after their expulsion, which has been suggested 

 as an adaptation for the prevention of hybridiza- 

 tion, see Duration of virility under Spermatozoa. 



For general treatises with enumeration 

 of hybrids in all groups of animals {ac- 

 counts of fishes rendered obsolete however by 

 the present list), consult •Ackermann, K. 

 1898.1; Day, F. 1890.1; and Suchetet, 

 A. 1888.1 (vol. 24 of Revue Q. S.). 



Cross-fertilization Experiments 



Fertilization of ova with spermatozoa of 

 remotely related forms. In general, de- 

 velopment of such heterogenic hybrids 

 ceases during cleavage stages. 



Various crperiments with marine fishes. 

 Appellof, A. 1894.1; Fulton, T. W. 

 1890.2; List, J. H. (Labrido!) 1887.1; 

 Mclntosli, W. C. 1891.3. 



Indindimlity of maternal and paternal 

 chromosomes in hybrids. Moenkhaus, W. 

 J. 1903.2-1911.1; Morris, M. 1914.1; 

 Hertwig, G. & Hertwig,. P. Add. 1914.1. 



Heredity of pigmentation in hybrids. 

 Bancroft, F. W. 1911.1, 1912.1; Bataillou, 



E. 1900.7;. Loeb, J. Add. 1898.1. 

 Heredity as exhibited by hybrids. New- 

 man, H. H. 1908.1, 1910.1-1916.1. 



A recent paper " The initial block to 

 normal development in cross-fertilized 

 eggs " by Edith Pinney, relating experi- 

 ments with eggs of Fundulus and reciprocal 

 crosses between Ctenolabrus and Prionotus, 

 appears in the Journal of Morphologj', 

 1922, vol. 36, pp. 401-415, 2 pis. 



Genetical Work 



The only researches on hybridizing fishes 

 from the viewpoint of modern genetics, 

 known to us, are the experiments with 

 Pceciliidse, cited below under •Gerschler, 

 M. W. Add. 1914.1-1914.3. 



Some of the results of this work are dis- 

 cussed under Sex-determination under 

 Embryology. 



For various statistical " racial studies," 

 which involve breeding experiments with 

 fishes (Zoarces, Lebistes, and Salmo fario), 

 consult the series by Johs. Schmidt, in the 

 Journal of Genetics, 1918, vol. 7, pp. 105- 

 118; i919, vol. 8, pp. 147-153; 1920, vol. 

 9, pp. 61-67; 1920, vol. 10, pp. 179-191. 

 These are summaries of articles appearing 

 in the " Comptes-Rendus des travaux du 

 Laboratoire Carlsberg, Copenhagen." 



They tend to show that " racial char- 

 acters" are of genotypical or hereditary 

 constitution. 



Hybrids in Cyprinidse 



Occurring under natural conditions ex- 

 cept where noted. More hybrids have been 

 recorded from this family than any other, 

 and with few exceptions are European. 



Faunal treatises including accounts of 

 hybrids of Cyprinidw. •Fatio, V. 1882.1; 

 Regan, 0. T. 1911.8; Siebold, C. T. 

 1863.1; Smitt, F. A. 1893.1. 



Miscellaneous papers on German hybrids 

 of Cyprinidee. Bade, E. 1904.1; Heincke, 



F. 1892.1; Knauthe, K. 1896.6, 1902.3, 

 1903.1; Leonhardt, E. E. 1903.1. —Gold- 

 fish hybrids. Lefebre, A. 1881.2; StoU, A. 

 A. 1907.1. 



List of recorded hybrid forms, with names 

 given them by systematists under the as- 

 sumption that they were natural species: 



Abramis brama X Rutilus (Leuciscus) 

 rutilus. (Abramis buggenhagii of Bloch; 

 A. leuckartii of Heckel; Abramidopsis of 

 Siebold). — Synonymy. Fatio, V. 1882.1 

 (p. 347) . — A. leuckartii believed to be 



