512 



AMERICAN MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY 



Liver — Cont'd. 



— Glandular structure. Retzius, M. G. 

 1892.6. 



Anatomy of liver in various fishes. ■ — 

 Ammoccetes and Petromyzon. Dervieux, L. 

 1898.1; Kuliabko, A. A. 1898.1. — 

 Ameiurus. Macallum, A. B. 1884.1. 



— Callionymus. Pilliet, A. H. 1889.1. — 

 Selachii. Pilliet, A. H. 1890.2. — Teleosts. 

 Segerstrile, E. 1910.1. —Clarias. Weber, 

 M. C. 1891.1. 



Development, general papers. 'A'Choron- 

 shitsky, B. 1900.1; Piper, H. 1902.1,.2,.3. 



Development in various fishes and groups 

 of fishes. — Ammoccetes. Brachet, A. 

 1897.1. — Elasmobranchii. Brachet, A. 

 1896.1; Hammar, J. A. 1893.1, 1897.1; 

 Scammon, R. E. 1913.1. — Dipnoi. 

 Broman, I. 1905.1; Neumayer, L. (Cera- 

 todus) 1904.1, .3. — Amphioxus. Hammar, 

 J. A. 1898.1. — Acipenser. Nicolas, A. 

 1904.1. —Trout. Stbhr, P. A. 1893.1; 

 Strieker, F. 1899.1. 



Histology. Holm, J. F. 1897.1; •Oppel, 

 A. Add. 1900.1. — Acipenser and Cerato- 

 dus. Bluntschli, H. 1903.1, 1904.1. — 

 Selachii. Scammon, R. E. 1915.1. — 

 Amphioxus. Zarnik, B. 1905.1. 



Gall bladder. • — Anatomy. Cabibbe, 

 G. 1903.1. — Development. *Choronshit- 

 sky, B. 1900.1. — Development, Elasmo- 

 branchs, Scammon, R. E. 1913.1. — 

 Biliary calculi in squeteague. Tower, R. 

 W. 1902.1. 



Bile ducts. — Ductus cysticus, structure. 

 Hyrtl, 0. J. 1868.1. — Liver ducts, develop- 

 ment. Scammon, R. E. 1913.1. 



For the chemical composition of bile, see 

 under Chemistry. 



LOCOMOTION 



For the organs of locomotion, see Fins. 



For the flight of fishes, see Flying-fishes. 



For the hydrostatic functions of the swim- 

 bladder, .see under Air bladder. 



For the_ maintenance of equiUbrium, see 

 under Hearing and the static sense. 



For a comprehensive review in German 

 of all technical researches on locomotion, 

 see •Du Bois-Reymond, R. Add. 1914.1. 



For a popular treatise in English on all 

 kinds of locomotion in animals including 

 fishes, see •Pettigrew, J. B. Add. 1883.1. 



Miscellaneous items, not readily classi- 

 fiable. — Relation of number of myo- 

 tomes to bodily rigidity. Magnan, A. & 

 La Riboisifere, J. 1912.1. — Methods of 

 fixation against strong currents by means 

 of spines. Thilo, 0. 1900.1, 1903.1. —In- 

 fluence of high pressures on muscular con- 

 traction. Regnard, P. 1887.1. — Demon- 

 stration of steering mechanism of fishes. 

 Volker, H. 1911.1. 



Experimental researches 



Effects on locomotion, of the extirpation 

 or section of various parts of the central 

 nervous system. Bethe, A. 1899.1; Poli- 

 manti, O. 1911.3,.5, 1913.1; Rynberk 

 G. A. 1905.5, 1906.4, Add. 1904.1; Cor- 

 blin, H. Add. 1888.1. 



Experiments in removing different fins; 

 caudal considered chief locomotor organ of 

 sharks. Mayer, P. 1886.1. —Similar 

 exps. with teleosts. Monoyer, F. 1866.1,. 2. 

 ■ — Similar experiments with the cyprino- 

 dont, Goodea. Dughs, A. 1905.1, .2. 

 ■ — Comment on Dug^s. Osburn, R. C. 

 1906.1. 



Swimming in fishes 



General accounts. Text in — Dutch. 

 Brugmans, S. J. 1812.1; Winkler, T. 0. 

 1860.3. —French. Amans, P. C. 1887.1, 

 1888.1; Chevrel, R. 1913.1; Giraud- 

 Teulon, M. A. 1856.1. Add. 1858.1. 



— German. Bickel, A. 1896.1; Meier, H. 

 1860.1; Thilo, O. 1901.1. —Italian. 

 Ducceschi, V. Add. 1903.1. 



Miscellaneous and relatively unimpor- 

 tant papers. Text in English. Bennett, 

 E. F. 1899.1; Buckland, W. 1844.1; 

 •Kent, W. S. 1873.1, 1874.3; Nichols, 

 J. T. 1912.7; Wnder, B. G. 1870.1. 



Miscellaneous papers in German. Ahlprs, 

 C. 1900.1; Brehm, A. E. 1871.1; Kath- 

 ariner, L. 1899.1; Schleainger, G. 1911.2; 

 Anon. 175, 609, 610. 



Miscellaneous papers with text in — 

 French. Corblin, H. 1887.1, Add. 1888.1; 

 Gouriet, E. 1864.1. — Italian. Dei, A. 

 1896.1. —Dutch. Harting, P. 1873.3. 



— Norwegian. Kent, W. S. 1874.2. — 

 Finnish. Regnard, P. 1893.3. —Polish. 

 Staff, F. 1911.1. 



TYPES OF SWIMMING 



Borelli's theory; tJiat in swimvriing, the 

 tail vibrates on either side of a given line 

 which corresponds to the axis of the fish 

 when the body is straight. This is the axis 

 of motion; the tail acts as a rudder. Borelli, 

 G. A. Pre-Linn. 1680.1. — Remarks on 

 Borelli. Winslow, J. B. Pre-Linn. 1738.1. 

 Undulating, wriggling, or eel-like loco- 

 motion and related types. Schlesinger, G. 

 1911.1, .3; •Strasser, H. 1882.1, 1883.1. 



Progression of sharks by undulation or 

 the swaying from side to side of the un- 

 symmetrical caudal fin and the whole pos- 

 terior part of the body. Ahlborn, C. G. 

 1895.2; Polimanti, O. 1911.3. 



Screw propeller action of single median 

 dorsal fin rapidly vibrating from end to end 

 in pipefishes, Syngnaihidos. — Hippo- 

 campus. Anthony, R. & Chevroton, L. 

 1913.1; Ishihava, M. 1905.1. — Syhg- 

 nathus. Weinland, D. F. 1856.2. 



Progression by vibration of the elongated 

 median anal fin of Notopteridcs. Schles- 

 inger, G. 1910.3. 



Swimming with tail and walking on 

 bottom with dactyliform rays of the pectorals, 

 Trigla. Ghabry, L. 1883.1; Deslong- 

 champs, J. A. 1843.1; Polimanti, O. 

 1911.3. --Prionotus, Allen, H. 1886.1. 



Observations on the vertical swimming 

 position of Amphisile strigata. Willey, A. 

 Add. 1902.1. 



Unusual types of locomotion 



Climbing habits and overland progression 

 of the "climbing-perch," Anabas scandeiis. 

 Daldorff, D. C. 1797.1; Mitchell, J. 



