SUBJECT INDEX — MORPHOLOGICAL SECTION 



513 



1864.1; Neill,B. A. 1864.1; Zur Miihlen, 

 M. 1911.22; Layard, E. L. Add. 1853.1. 



Climbing of the Andean catfish, Arges 

 marmoratus. Johnson, R. D. 1912.1, Add. 

 1913.1. 



Ichthyopatolites or petrified track-winga 

 of ambulatory fishes. Buckland, W. 1843.1. 



Leaping habits of marine fishes, ascent 

 of water-falls, etc. Clapham, T. 187^.2; 

 Dumesnil, A. 1906.1; Holder, 0. F. 



1903.3; Smith, Everett 1879.1. 



Lampreys ascending water-falls. Smith, 

 H. M. 1900.3, 1902.6. 



Overland progression or terrestrial loco- 

 motion of. — Doras and Callichthys. 

 AUen, G. 1S85.1; Hancock, J. 1828.1. 



— Gobiesox, found Jfi feet from water. 

 Pickering, C. 1862.1. ■ — Xenomystus. 

 Schlesinger, G. 1912.2. — Clarion. Vaill- 

 ant, L. L. 1895.3, 1896.3. — Unnamed 

 fishes. Anon. 619; Gostling, D. Add. 

 1894.1. 



Overland migrations of the eel, Anguilla. 

 Danner, H. 1880.1; Lengerke, - 1876.1; 

 Lindes, L. 1880.12; Schreitmuller, W. 

 1914.11; Anon. 3, 254. 



Terrestrial progression of Periophthalmus 

 by hopping in mud. AJlen, G. 1885.1; 

 •Johnstone, J. 1903.2; Martens, E. 



1881.1; Pickering, C. 1862.1. 



Terrestrial locomotion of Gasterosteus. 

 Gergens, - 1862.1. 



LtTMINOSITY AND PHOSPHOR- 

 ESCENCE (OF FISHES) 



Comprisins the production of light by 

 means of specialized photogenic organs, 



which occur chiefly in the deep-sea fishes. 



Miscellaneous observations, notes, popular 

 accounts, etc., on the luminosity or phos- 

 phorescence of fishes, luminous fishes, phos- 

 phorescent organs, etc. 



Text in English. BeU, F. J. 1881.1; 

 HaU, J. J. 1872.1; Franklin, C. L. 1900.1; 

 Kent, W. S. 1873.4; •Mcintosh, W. 0. 

 1885.3,1906.3; Nicols, A. 1872.1; Nut- 

 ting, G. G. 1899.2; Shufeldt, R. W. 1894.1, 

 1907.1; Weber, M. C. 1901.1. 



Text in French. Deslongchamps, J. A. 

 1838.1; Gadeau de KerviUe, H. 1890.1; 

 Khvorostansky, C. 1892.1; Mulder, E. 

 1861.1. 



Text in German. Dittrich, R. 1888.1; 

 Doflein, F. J. 1906.3; Frisch, K. 1909.1; 

 Gadeau de Kerville, H. 1893.1; Haupt, 

 H. 1903.1; Marenzeller, E. 1889.1; 



Putter, A. 1905.1; Radziszewski, B. 

 1880.1; SchenkHng-Prevdt, - 1902.1; 

 Schneider, G. 1904.9; Stenta, M. 1905.1; 

 Thilo, O. 1910.2; Zugmayer, E. 1910.2; 

 Anon. 338. ' 



Text in — Italian. Giglioli, E.H. 1870.1. 



— Dutch. Harting, P. 1866.5; Mulder, E. 

 1859.1; Anon. 602. — Swedish. Lonn- 

 berg, A. J. 1904.1. — Latin. La FaUIe, 

 J. M. Add. 1821.1. 



LIGHT PRODUCTION 

 Physiology of luminescence 



For a scholarly treatise on light production 

 in all groups of animals including fishes. 



with a full bibliography, see •Mangold, E. 

 Add. 1910.1. 



An excellent recent physico-chemical 

 treatise, including all groups of light- 

 producing organisms, is •" The nature of 

 animal light " by E. Nowton Harvey. 

 Philadelphia and London (Monographs 

 on experimental biology), 1920, 182 pp., 

 35 figs. 



Physical base of. animal phosphorescence. 

 Watase, S. 1895.1. 



Three-day old specimens of Ephippns 

 (surface fishes without luminous organs) 

 were very decidedly phosphorescent at night 

 when sudden impulses were imparted to the 

 water. Ryder, J. A. 1880.1. 



Observations on the emission of 

 light by living fishes. Our belief in the 

 existence of luminous organs in fishes is 

 based on their comparative structure and 

 the following few actual observations on 

 living fishes. 



For a resum6 of all such observations, in- 

 cluding a few additional to those given be- 

 low, see •Brauer, A. 1908.2 (pp. 127-133). 

 These are repeated in Mangold, E. 1907.1 

 and 1910.1. 



First notice of light emission in fishes. 

 Astronesthes fieldii, observed during a voy- 

 age to Brazil, "sent forth two strong and 

 vivid greenish lights, which intermitted mo- 

 mentarily, and ceased altogether when the 

 fish died." Reinhardt, J. T. 1853.1, 1854.1. 

 — Astronesthes observed also by Vanhoffen, 

 E. 1901.1. 



Luminosity of post-orbital organ of Mel- 

 anostomias melanops seen during Valdivia 

 Expedition. Brauer, A. 1908.2 (p. 87). 



Porichthys, placed in an aquarium made 

 alkaline with ammonia water, exhibited a 

 brilliant white light for about twenty minutes. 

 Greene, C. W. 1899.1. 



A nearly dead specimen ofScopelus boops 

 dredged off the Cape of Good Hope, "dis- 

 played a faint though an undoubted lumi- 

 nosity . . . in the pectoral region." Guppy, 

 H. B. 1882.1. 



Maurolicus pennantii observed in the 

 Naples aquarium. Mangold, E. 1907.1. 



Among coral reefs of Malay peninsula, 

 Steche observed a continuous glow in Photo- 

 blepharon and intermittent flashes in Anom- 

 dlops. Steche, O. 1907.1, 1909.1. 



Stemoptyx, brought up in the trawl at 

 night, in the North Pacific, glowed like a 

 luminous star. Willemoes-Suhm, R. 

 1875.1. 



Isistius brasiliensis, a spinacid shark, 

 captured in Australian seas, was placed in 

 an aquarium and remained aglow for about 

 three hours. Bennett, F. D. 1840.1. 



Spinax niger in a darkened room at the 

 Naples aquarium, glowed "with a feebly 

 shining greenish lustre." Note by Th. Beer 

 in Johann, L. 1899.1. — "Spectral colors" 

 of Spinax at Naples, risible even in day- 

 light. Burckhardt, 0. R. 1900.2. 



PHOSPHORESCENT ORGANS 

 Photophores or radiating organs 



The nature of these organs was origi- 

 nally disputed and they were termed 



