514 



AMERICAN MUSEUM OP NATURAL HISTORY 



Luminosity — Cont'd. 

 " accessory eyes "by Usov, and " eye- 

 like pigment spots " by Leydig. By these 

 authors and others they have been called 

 " accessorische Augen," " augenahnliohe 

 Flecken," " Nebenaugeri," " Pseudo-au- 

 gen," oculiform organs, pearly organs, etc. 

 Luminous organs are recorded from fishes 

 belonging to 69 genera and $39 species by 

 ■ArBrauer, A. 1908.2. 



General treatises 



Structure of the phosphorescent organs. 



TextinEnglish. •Lendenfeld, R. 1887.2, 

 1905.1. 



Text in German. -A-Brauer, A. 1904.4- 

 1908.2; Lendenfeld, R. 1887.1, 1891.1; 

 Leydig, F. 1881.1; Solger, B. F. 1881.1; 

 Trojan, E. 1906.2. 



Text in Italian. Chiarini, P. 1900.1; 

 Chiarini, P. & Gatti, M. 1899.1; Gatti, 

 M. A. 1899.1, 1904.1. 



Structure in various fishes 



SELACHII 



All Selachians which possess luminous 



bodies are pelagic and belong to the family 



Spinacidce (including Lcemargus) . -kJiviTck- 



hardt, C. R. 1900.2; Johann, L. 1899.1; 



— Selachii generally. Leydig, F. 1909.1; 

 Ohshima, H. 1910.1, 1911.1. 



TELEOSTEI 



Various general papers. Brauer, A. 

 1904.4,1905.1; Chun, C. 1893.1; Guerne, 

 J. 1880.1; •Usov, M. M. 1879.1, 1880.1. 



Structure of the phosphorescent organs in 

 — Lamprotoxus. Boulenger, C. L. 1913.1. 



— Argyropelecus. Brandes, G. 1899.1; 

 *Handrick, K. 1901.1. — Chauliodus. 

 Brandes, G. 1899.1; LerebouUet, D. A. 

 1864.4; Leydig, F. 1879.2; Leuckart, 

 R. 1865.1, 1866.1. —Anomalops. Dahl- 

 gren, U. 19Q8.1. — • Anomalops and Photo- 

 blepharon. •Steche, O. 1907.1, 1909.1; 

 Weber, M. 1901.2, 1913.1. — Porichthys. 

 Eigenmann, C. H. & Eigenmann, R. S. 

 1889.7; *Greene, C. W. 1899.1. — 

 Scopelus. Emery, C. 1884.1, 1888.1, 

 1890.1. — Maurolicus. Groot, G. J. 

 1908.1. — Ipnops. Moseley, H. N. 1887.1. 



— Myctophidm and Stemoptychidce. Ohs- 

 hima, H. 1910.1, 1911.1. —Gonostoma 

 {young). Sanzo, L. 1912.1. — Gyclothone. 

 •Trojan, E. 1915.1. — Heterophthalmus. 

 Vorderman, A. G. 1900.1. 



PHOSPHORESCENCE OF DEAD FISH 



This phosphorescence, appearing in 

 both marine and fresh-water fish, meat, 

 vegetable matter, etc., is caused by 

 photogenic bacteria, especially Bacterium 

 phosphoreum. (Cohn.) 



For a full discussion of the subject, see 

 •Mangold, E. Add. 1910.1. See also 

 Barnard, J. E. in Jenner Instit. Prev. 

 Med., 2nd ser. Aug. 1899, pp. 81-112. 



Various papers, chiefly speculations on 

 the causes of the phosphorescence. {True 

 nature not recognized before Pfluger's sug- 

 gestion.) Matteucci, C. 1848.1; •Pfluger, 



E. F. 1875.2; Phipson, T. L. 1860.1; 

 Hulme, N. Add. 1800.1; Martin, A. R. 

 Add. 1761.1, .2, 1765.1; Beal, J. Pre- 

 Linn. 1666.1. 



Recording luminous fat in Trachypterus, 

 doubtless a bacterial luminescence. Panceri, 

 P. 1871.1, 1872.1. — Review of this. 

 Baird, S. F. 1871.33. 



Early experiments. Boyle noticed decrease 

 of phosphorescence when a vacuum was 

 created. Boyle, R. Pre-Linn. 1667.1, 

 1670.2. 



MEDICAL PROPERTIES {ALLEGED, 

 OF FISHES). 



For a valuable recent work in English, 

 with a discussion of the use of fishes by the 

 Greeks and Romans as prophylactic and 

 curative agents in rabies, toothache, preg- 

 nancy, etc., see •Wm. Radcliffe. " Fish- 

 ing from the earliest times." London. 

 1921. 478 p. ills. 



Purgative effects of oil of Ruvettus, 

 "purge-fish" of South Seas. Kramer, A. 

 1901.1; Waite, E. R. 1899.1. 



Use of electrical fishes as shock machines. 

 — Alleged use of electrical eel in Surinam. 

 Lott, F. 1762.1; Wilson, G. 1857.1, 

 1860.1. — Torpedo used. Frenzel, J. S. 

 Add. 1777.1; Kaempfer, E. Pre-Linn. 

 1694.1. 



Use of fishes in the medical practice 

 of the 16th-18th centuries. Badham, 

 C. D. 1854.1; Moquin-Tandon, C. 1860.1; 

 Surbeck, G. 1901.2. 



The following references will be found in 

 the Pre-Linn. section. 



Text respectively in French, Dutch, and 

 Italian. Arnault, de N. & Salerne, F. 

 1756.1; Bontius, J. 1642.1; Matthioli, 

 P. A. 1548.1. 



Text in English. Keogh, J. 1739.1; 

 Kiranus, 1685.1; Lovell, R. 1661.1; 



MandevUle, B. 1739.1; Schroeder, J. 

 1659.1. 



Text in German. Bapst, M. 1590.1; 

 Bock, H. 1539.1; Durante, C. 1585.1, 

 1693.1; Mercklein, G. A. 1696.1. 



Text in Latin. Bossche, G. 1639.1; 

 Cirino, A. 1653.1; Dale, S. 1693.1; 



•Dioscorides, P. 1478.1; •Galenus, C. 

 1490.1; Helmont, J. 1707.1; Koenig, E. 

 1682.1; Nonnius,L. 1627.1; •Oribasius, 

 1555.1; Sidren, J. 1750.1; •Xenocrates, 

 1559.1; Anon. 753. 



Supposed medical virtues of — Tench. 

 Camerarius, J. R. 1624.1, 1683.1. — 

 Mullet. Marcellus Sidetes, 1705.1. — 

 Herring. Neucrantz, P. 1654.1. — Liver 

 of eel. Panarolli, D. 1654.1. 



METAMERISM 



For organs definitely metameric in structure, 

 see Head; Myomeres under Myology; Medullary 

 tube under Embryology; Skeleton; Skull; Verte- 

 bral column; and Visceral Skeleton. 



For the extensive literature on the meta- 

 merism of the head, see under Head. 



In general, note papers of A. Dohrn whose 

 researches (1876-1906) treat all aspects of this 

 problem. 



