516 



AMERICAN MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY 



^Migrations — Cont'd. 



Migrations of the mackerel, "i^ Allen, E. J. 

 1897.3, 1909.1; B., G. A. 1878.1; Bade- 

 noch, L. N. 1903.1; Cligny, A. 1905.2; 

 ■Collins, J. W. 1883.5, 1884.2; Dunn, M. 

 1893.1; •Garstang, W. 1897.3, 1898.1; 

 Martin, S. J. 1883. 2,. 3, .4; Morrison, W. 

 D. 1829.1; Tanner, Z. L. 1883.1. 



Migrations of the tunny (Thynniis). 

 Bounhiol, J. P. 1911.1, .2,.3; Niewenglow- 

 ski, G. H. 1913.1; •Pavesi, P. 1887.1; 

 Roule, L. 1913.6; Strabo, - Pre-Linn. 

 1472.1. 



Migrations of other Teleostean fishes. 



— Bluefish {Pomatomus) . Baird, S. F. 

 1871.39. — Cottus. Forsberg, A. 1898.1. 



— Crappie (Pomoxys). C, S. W. 1878.1. 

 ■ — Galaxias, migration from sea to fresh 

 water. McCuUoch, A. R. 1915.1. — 

 Mugil. Gummerus, A. 1898.1; Roule, L. 

 1915.1, .3. — Trigla. Fulton, T. W. 1899.1; 

 Meek, A. 1915.4. — Whitefish. C. 1878.1; 

 Tomlin, W. D. 1888.1. 



Marking experiments 



For the determination of tlie rate of growth, 

 the rate of travel during migrations, and other 

 facts concerning their life histories, various ex- 

 periments or attempts in marking fishes have 

 been made, chiefly by the use of metal disks, by 

 the removal of parts of fins, or by other recog- 

 nizable mutilations. Some references to these 

 attempts will be found under Anguilla, Pleuro- 

 nectidse, and Salmonidse. 



Other papers relating to the marking of 

 North Sea fishes are Fulton, T. W. 1904.2; 

 Garstang, W. 1905.5. 1912.1; Herdman, 

 W. A., Scott, A. & Johnstone, J. 1905.1- 

 1909.1. 



Marking experiments on the cod (Gadus) 

 in — the North Sea. Borley, J. O. 1909.1. 



— in Icelandic waters. Saemundsson, B. 

 1913.1; Schmidt, E. J. 1907.1. —Tag- 

 ging adult cod at Woods Hole, Mass. 

 Smith, H. M. 1902.10. —German ex- 

 periments. Redeke, H. C. 1909.1; Wei- 

 gold, H. 1913.1. 



Miscellaneous papers on migrations 



Text in English. Aflalo, F. G. 1902.5; 

 Agassiz, J. L. 1858.2; Anderson, J. 1800.1: 

 Epton, J. 1883.1; Gould, N. E. 1885.1; 

 Klippart, J. H. 1876.1; Lyman, T. 

 1868.2; Lyman, T. & Field, A. R. 1867.1; 

 McDonald, M. 1885.2; Milner, J. W. 

 1880.1,.2; Norris, T. 1873.1; Thomson, 

 J. H. 1878.2; Kirby, W. Add. 1835.1. 



Text in French. Baude, J. J^. 1861.1; 

 Belloc, E. 1903.1; DumgrU, A. H. 1866.3; 

 Nillson, S. 1860.2; Rafinesque-Schmaltz, 

 C. 1814.3; Watterbled, - Add. 1882.1. 



Text in German. Buxbaimi, L. 1892.1; 

 Ehrenbaum, E. 1911.7; Franz, V. 1910 7' 

 .10,1911.2; Heincke, F. 1880.2; Jaeger, 



— 1911.1; La Valette St. George, A. 

 1901.1; Leonhardt, E. E. 1903.6; Mill- 

 lenhoff, K. 1885.1; Romer, F. 1909.1; 

 Schiemenz, P. 1904.2. 



Text in Norwegian. Huitsfeldt-Kaas, 

 H. 1909.1. 



Text in Russian. Gracianov, V I 

 1908.1. 



MORTALITY 



For diseases causing epidemics, see under 

 Pathology. 



For destruction through " Pollution " by in- 

 dustrial wastes, see Depletion under Fisheries. 



Miscellaneous papers. Carbonnier, P. 

 1866.1; Hofmann, E. 1903.1; Pelletan, 

 J. 1867.1; Petersen, C. G. 1886.1; 



Schmidt, F. 1874.2; Ysabeau, A. 1867.1; 

 Anon. 640. 



Winter killing in lakes; causes, etc., con- 

 sidered chiefly due to lack of oxygen. Kochs, 

 W. 1891.1; Liihder, W. 1871.1; Nord- 

 qvist, O. F. 1897.7; Sandman, J. A. 

 1892.5. 



PHYSICAL CAUSES OF MORTALITY 



For instances of death caused by excessive 

 cold and heat, see under Temperat\ire, effects. 



Earthquakes destroying: fishes. — 



At Catania, Sicily, in 1908. Condorelli-Fr., 

 M. 1909.1. — Deep-sea fishes killed in the 

 western Riviera, Italy. Giglioli, E. H. 

 1887.1; Bellotti, C. Add. 1887.1. — 

 Fishes destroyed by eruption of Mt. Ve- 

 suvius. Lo Bianco, S. 1907.1. 



Hurricanes and monsoons, causing 

 destruction. — Monsoon off coast of 

 India. Denison, W. 1862.1. — Destruction 

 through hurricane of Jan., 1839, in Ireland. 

 Thompson, W. 1838. 2. — Hurricane at 

 Scilly Is. Anon. 236. 



Lightning and thunder. Thunder 

 storms causing mortality. Knauthe, K. 

 1901.1, .2; Nickl^s, F.J. 1868.1; Sendler, 

 A. 1902.1. — Fishes killed hy lightning in 

 Brenet See, Switzerland. Zur Muhlen, M. 

 1911.3. — Disappearance of fishes during 

 electrical storms. Coles, R. J. Add. 1914.1. 



MORTALITY IN VARIOUS LOCALITIES 



Records of occurrence of extensive mortal- 

 ity at— Manila, 1767. Gentil, W. 1781.1. 



— South Africa. Gilchrist, J. D. 1905.1. 



— Malabar coast. Jouan, H. 1875.1. — 

 On coast of Sumatra. Marsden, W. Add. 

 1781.1. — National Park Dam, New 

 South Wales, 1888. OgUby, J. D. Add. 

 1888.5. 



America. Canada. — Bay of Fundy. 

 Adams, A. L. 1868.1. — Near Cape Hat- 

 teras (codfish). Leslie, C. C. 1883.1. 



South America. — Callao, Peru. Alleged 

 cause; Hydrogen-sulphide. Burtt, J. L. 

 1852.1; Hutchinson, T. J. Add. 1873.1. 



— In Rio de la Plata. Lahille, F. Add. 

 1912.1. 



United States. — Blue gills (Lepomis 

 pallidus) in Indiana. Large, T. 1897.1. 



— Salmon in McCloud R., Cal., 1881. 

 Stone, L. 1882.1. — Minnesota. Wash- 

 burn, F. L. 1886.1. . —Rhode Island. 

 Knowles, H. M. 1887.1. — Wisconsin, 

 Racine R. Hoy, P. R. 1872.1. — Epi- 

 demic in Lake Mendota, Wis., 1884. Dun- 

 ning, P. 1884.1; Forbes, S. A. 1890.1. 



Europe. British Isles. — Haddock on 

 coasts of Northumberland, Durham and 

 Yorkshire. Abbs, C. 1792.1. — Between 



