520 



AMERICAN MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY 



Myology — Cont'd. 



Muscle fibers preserved in the Devonian 

 fossil, Cladoselache. Dean, B. 1901.4, 

 1902.3. 



Phylogenesis of striated muscle fibers. 

 Maurer, F. 1900.1. ■ — Muscle fibers, re- 

 generation. Schminoke, A. 1907.1. 



Continuity of muscle fiber and tendon. 

 Schultze, O. 1911.1. 



Degeneration of muscle fibers and their 

 function as connective tissue in embryonic 

 selachians. Thulin, I. 1914.1. 



Structure of striated muscle in various 

 fishes. — Trout. •Heidenhain, M. 1913.1, 

 .2. — Petromyzon. Keferstein, W. M. 

 1859.2. — Rays. Ranvier, L. A. 1873.1. 

 — Petromyzon. Renaut, J. & Dubreuil, G. 

 1905.1. 



For the occurrence of striated muscle fibers 

 in the intestine of certain teleosts, see Tunica 

 muscularis under Alimentary canal. 



Innervation of striated muscle 



Being chiefly the peripheral terminations 

 of motor nerves in the voluntary or striated , 

 muscle fibers. Baglioni, S. 1909.1; Be- 

 lousov, N. 1909.1 ; Bisseliek, J. W. 1905.1 ; 

 Boeke, J. 1902.2, 1908.2; Cavali6, M. 

 1902.1, 1904.3; Ciaccio, G. V. 1877.2, 

 .3, 1882.1, 1883.1; Fusari, R. 1901.1, 

 1905.1; Giacomini, E. 1898.2,.3; •Huber, 

 G. C. & De Witt, L. 1898.1; Kallius, E. 

 1897.1; Razzauti, A. 1914.1; Retzius, 

 M. G. 1892.7; Supino, F. 1898.1; Trin- 

 chese, S. 1892.1; Wikstrbm, D. A. 1897.1, 

 1903.1. 



Demonstration of continuity between nerve 

 cell and muscle cell from the very first separa- 

 tion of the two sets of elements (Lepidosiren) . 

 Kerr, J. G. 1902.1, 1904.2. 



Innervation of striated muscles by sensory 

 nerves. Poloumordwinoff, D. 1899.1, 

 1902.2; Wunderer, H. 1908.1. 



ANATOMY OF MUSCLES 

 Musculature in general 



The following references, in general, in- 

 clude tiie complete muscular system, i. e., 

 both cranial and body musculature. 



Miscellaneous and general. Baudelot, E 

 1867.1; Carlisle, A. 1805.1; •Jaquet, M. 

 1897.2; Kuhl, H. & Hasselt, J. K. 1820.1 

 1824.1. 



Muscular system of Amphioxus. Gren- 

 ■ acher, H. 1867.1; Rhode, E. 1892.1. 



Anatomy of muscles of Cyclostomata. — 

 Myxinidce. Cole, F. J. 1905.1 (ii). — Cy- 

 clostomata. Grenacher, H. 1867.1. — 

 Petromyzon. Stannius, F. H. 1851.1. 



Structure of the muscles in Elasmo- 

 branchii. Chaine, J. 1902.1. — Mustelus 

 Humphry, G. M. 1872.3. — Raja. Ran- 

 vier, L. A. 1873.1. 



Morphology of the muscles in Ganoidei 

 and Dipnoi. — Polyodon. Danforth, C 

 H. 1913.1; Handyside, P. D. 1875.1 (ii). 

 — Neoceratodus and Protopterus. Hum- 

 phry, G. M. 1872.1. 



Structure of the muscles in various Tele- 

 osts. — Salmo. Bruch, C. W. 1861.3. — 

 Malopterurus. Cleland, J. 1858.1. — 



Plectognaths. Ros^n, N. 1912.1 (iv). — 

 Carassius. Schiefferdecker, P. 1909.1. 

 — Luvarus. Haller, B. Add. 1881.1. 



MYOMERES OR MYOTOMES 



The muscle-masses of Teleosts are com- 

 posed on each side of a series of transverse 

 segments (myomeres) which are separated 

 from each other by bands or fasciae of 

 fibrous connective tissue (myosepta or 

 myocommata) . 



Variation in form, or shape and arrange- 

 Tnent of myomeres. Anderson, R. J. 1889.1; 

 Dietz, P. A. 1909.1, 1913.1; Houssay, F. 



1909.2, 1912.2; Wikstrom, D. A. 1897.1, 

 1903.1. 



Trunk-myotome form in Petromyzon and 

 Acanthias. Langelaan, J. W. 1904.1. — 

 Trunk-myotome form as influenced by fins. 

 Tricht, B. 1907.1, .2. 



Actv/il counts of the number of myomeres 

 in numerous adult selachians and teleosts. 

 Magnan, A. & La Riboisiere, J. 1912.1. 



Cranial and visceral muscles 



Muscles with their insertions in the jaws 

 and visceral arches and serving to move 

 these structures. Inclusive of mandibular 

 and pharyngeal muscles. 



A noteworthy treatise on the cranial and 

 visceral musculature of Amia, with magnifi- 

 cent illustrations, is that of *Allis, E. P. 

 1895.1, 1898.2. 



For a general treatise on the embryological 

 development and homologies of the cranial 

 muscles of vertebrates including fishes, see 

 •Edgeworth, F. H. 1911.1. 



For an illuminative paper in English on 

 the m,orphology of the visceral muscles of 

 Selachii, see -^Marion, G. E. 1905.1. 



A recent treatise summarizing the homol- 

 ogies of the several jaw muscles throughout 

 the vertebrate series is It" A memoir on 

 the phylogeny of the jaw muscles in re- 

 cent and fossil vertebrates " by L. A. 

 Adams. Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci., 1919, vol. 

 28, pp. 51-166, pis. i-xiii. 



Muscles of the jaws, adductor and 

 depressor mandibulse, etc., respectively 

 closing and opening the mouth. They 

 include as parts, the M. constrictor I. dor- 

 salis (M. levator maxiUae superioris),M. 

 levator palatoquadrati, M. spiracularis, 

 etc. These muscles are innervated by the 

 trigeminal and facial nerves. 



Structure in Elasmobranchii (sharks and 



■rays). Edgeworth, T. H. 1902.1; Fiir- 



bringer, M. 1895.1; •Luther, A. F. 



1909.3, 1913.2; Marion, G. E. 1905.1; 

 •Tiesing, B. 1895.1. 



Structure in Teleostei. Arcangeli, A. 

 1911.1; Ayres, W. O. 1848.5; Chaine, J. 

 1904.1, 1905.2; •Vetter, B. 1878.1; 



•Dietz, P. A. 1912.2, Add. 1914.1. — 

 Gadus. •Holmquist, O. 1911.1. — Silurus 

 glanis. •Juge, M. 1899.1. 



Structure in — Cyclostomata. Fiir- 

 bringer, P. 1874.1, 1875.1. — Dinichthys. 

 Gregory, W. K. 1915.2. — Amia. Mc- 

 Murrich, J. P. 1885.1. — Hypoglossus 

 musculature, development. Neal,' H. V. 



