528 



AMERICAN MUSEUM OP NATURAL HISTORY 



OVA AND OVUM 



Comprising all non-pelagic eggs. 



For all papers relating to the care of their 

 eggs by the parent iishes such as Brood-pouch 

 incubation; Oral gestation; Nest-building; etc., 

 see under Reproduction. For number of eggs 

 produced, see Fecundity, under Reproduction. 



For all developmental stages of the ovum, 

 beginning with fertilization, see under Embry- 

 ology. 



For the handling of eggs in fish-culture, 

 artificial fertilization, shipment to foreign coun- 

 tries, etc., see under Pisciculture. 



For size of ova see under Oral gestation under 

 Reproduction. Eggs incubated in the mouth of 

 the parent are uniformly large. 



Popular general articles on the fish egg. 

 Cunningham, J. T. 1896.1; Mcintosh, 

 W. C. 1885.1, 1886.7, 1889.1; Ryder, J. 



A. 1886.6. 



Chemical Composition 



Composition of ovum, especially the yolk, 

 in various fishes. Dubuisson, H. 1906.1; 

 Gobley, — 1860.1, 1851.1; Kensington, 

 E. T. 1884.1; Lams, H. 1904.1; Morin, 



B. 1823.1; Prince, E. E. 1886.2, 1887.2; 

 Retzius, A. J. 1854.1, 1855.1. —Esox. 

 Reichert, C. B. 1856.1, .2; VauqueUn, 

 L. N. 1817.1, Add. 1818.1. — Acanthias. 

 Zdarek,_E. 1904.1. 



Physical and chemical chdnges during 

 maturation. Miboy, T. H. 1898.1. 



Protein substances; albumins, globulins, 

 etc., of ovum including its secondary mem- 

 branes. Alsberg, C. L. & Clark, E. D. 

 1908.1; Baumhauer,.E. 1848.1; Dezani, 

 S. 1908.1; D'yakonov, K. S. 1866.1; 

 Leuchs, J. C. 1862.1; Miyake, K. & 

 Tadokoro, T. 1911.1; Yoshimura, K. 

 1913.1. — Klupeoirin. Hugounenq, L. 

 1904.1. — Nucleic acid. Levene, P. A. & 

 Mandel, J. A. 1906.1; Tschernorutzky, 

 H. 1912.1. — Purin bases. Linnert, K. 

 1909.1. — Percaglobulin. Morner, C. T. 

 1904.1. — Phosphoglycoproteins; ichthin 

 ichthidin, and ichthulin. Levene, P. A. 

 1901.2; -A-Valenciennes, A. & Fremy, E. 

 1854.2; Virchow, R. L. 1853.1. 



Egg-cases of sharks; keratin tertiary 

 m.embranes, constitution. Buchtala, H. 

 1908.1; Hussakof, L. & Welker, W. H. 



1908.1, 1911.1; Krukenberg, C. F. 1885.1; 

 Pregl, P. 1908.1. — Comparison with egg 

 capsule of snake. Krukenberg, C. F. Add. 

 1882.3,.4. 



Egg-cases or Horn-like Membranes 

 Cyclostomata. Hooked capsules, prob- 

 ably secondary or follicular membranes. 



Bdellostoma. *Dean, B. 1S99.6; Do- 

 flein, F. J. 1899.3; Plate, L. H. 1896.1. 



Myxine. Cunningham, J. T. 1887.4,. 5, 

 1897.1; Dean, B. 1900.2, 1903.3, 1904.7; 

 Jensen, A. S. 1900.1; Klinckowstrom, 

 A. 1895.1; Steenstrup, J. J. 1863.2, 



1864.2. — Development within follicle. 

 Cunningham, J. T. Add. 1886.1. 



Elasmobranchii. Keratin egg-cases, a 

 tertiary membrane secreted by nidamental 

 gland of oviduct. 



For homologue of the egg-case in vivip- 

 arous forms, see Foetal membranes below 



Viviparity under Reproduction. For 

 Chemical composition, see above. 



See also Oviposition of shelled eggs of 

 Selachii and Oviparity of Elasmobranchii 

 imder Reproduction. 



Manner of formation with structure of 

 nidamental gland, etc. Boro6a, J. 1904.5; 

 Gerbe, Z. 1872.1, .2; Henneguy, L. F. 

 1893.2; Perravex, E. 1884.1; •Widako- 

 wich, V. 1905.1, .1906.1; Wyman, J. 

 1859. 2,. 3. — Osmotic permeability. Dakin, 

 W. J. 1911.1, .2; Peyrgga, E. 1914.1.— 

 Orientation in oviduct. Vaillant, L. L. 

 1884.1; Widakowich, V. 1908.2. . 



Batoidei; egg-cases and ova of rays, 

 chiefly Raja. Boldo, B. M. 1797.1; Holt, 

 E. W. 1897.1; Phipson, T. L. 1874.1; 

 Putnam, F. W. 1870.8, 1872.9; Schenk, 

 S. L. 1874.2; Williamson, H. C. 1912.1; 

 Anon. 462. — Early refs., Pre-Linn. sec- 

 tion. Needham, J. T. 1745.1; Paullini, 

 C. F. 1701.1. 



Selachii; eggs and egg-cases of various 

 sharks. Agassiz, J. L. 1873.1; Tilesius 

 von Tilenau, W. 1802.1; Troschel, F. H. 

 1874.1; Vd,vra, V. Add. 1901.1. — ffep- 

 tanchus. Braus, H. 1906.4. — Scyllium. 

 Couch, J. 1844.3 ; Portlock, J. E. 1845.1,.2; 

 Thompson, W. 1844.2. — Ginglymostoma. 

 Gudger, E. W. 1913.1, Add. 1912.2. 



— Stegostoma. Vaillant, L. L. 1878.1. 

 — Heterodontus. •Waite, E. R. 1896.1. 



Two ova in a single egg-case, a terafo- 

 logical condition . Joseph, H. 1906.1; Vays- 

 si^re, A. 1909.1. 



So-called " wind-eggs " (of Elasmo- 

 branchii) are also known where the egg- 

 case is formed when no egg is present as in 

 similar cases in birds. 



Holocephali. Egg-capsules of Chimce- 

 ridas. Agassiz, J. L. (Callorhynchus) 1873.1; 

 •Dean, B. 1904.1,.2,.6,.9, 1906.1, 1912.6; 

 Prince, E. E. 1897.1. 



Fossilized remains of egg-cases of Chimw- 

 roids. — Jurassic of Wurttemberg. Bes- 

 sels, E. 1869.1; Jaekel, O. 1896.1, 1901.1. 



— of Spain. Sauvage, H.,E. 1905.2. — 

 of France. Leriche, M. Add. 1914.1. — ■ 

 Cretaceous of America. Dean, B. 1909.5; 

 Gill, T. N. 1905.3. 



Egg-membranes of Teleostei 



For the most valuable " Historical and 

 critical review of the literature on the 

 primary egg membranes and the micro- 

 pyle in fishes," inclusive of all groups, see 

 •Mark, E. L. 1890.1. 



General papers. Lanzi, L. 1909.1, .3, 

 1910.1; •Mark, E. L. 1890.1; MuUer, 

 J. 1854.1; Ovsyannikov, F. V. 1885.1; 

 Scharff, R. F. 1886.1; •Eigenmann, C. 

 H. Add. 1890.2. 



Vitelline or primary membrane. Hogg, 

 J. 1855.2; •Lallinger. J. 1901.1; Stock- 

 mann, R. 1883.1. 



Follicular or secondary membrane. Ret- 

 zius, M. G. 1912.1. 



Factors governing permeability by sperm. 

 Brown, O. H. 1905.1; Newman, H. H. 

 1905.1. 



Softening of membranes by digestive fer- 



