576 



AMERICAN MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY 



Reproduction — Cont'd. 



CYCLOSTOMATA 

 Breeding habits of Petromyzon. Frauen, 

 M. 1879.1; Gage, S. H. 1911.1; Loman, 

 J. C. 1910.1; Vieira, L. 1894.5. 



DIPNOI 



Breeding habits of Protopterus. Budgett, 

 J. S. 1900.2,.S, 1907.1. —Lepidosiren. 

 Kerr, J. G. 1897.1, 1900.1. —Ceratodus. 

 Semon, R. 1893.1, 1899.1, 1903.1. 



ELASMOBRANCHII 

 The highly specialized breeding habits of 

 Elasmobranchii will be found below under 

 Copulation, Oviparity, and Viviparity. 



GANOIDEI 

 Breeding habits of Acipenser. Dean, B. 

 1895.3. —Amia. ik-Dean, B. 1895:2, 

 1896.5, 1899.4; •Reighard, J. E. 1900.1, 

 1901.2, 1902.1, 1904.2, Add. 1902.1. 

 — Lepidosteus. Dean, B. 1895.3. 



TELEOSTEI 



The highly specialized breeding habits of 

 various Teleosts will be found below under 

 Parental Care and Viviparity. 



Breeding habits of freshwater fishes of the 

 state of Illinois. Richardson, R. E. 

 1912.1, .2. 



For further like observations on Illinois 

 fishes, see T. L. Hankinson in Trans. 

 Illinois Acad. Sci., 1919, vol. 12, pp. 

 132-150. 



. Sub-order Acanthopterygii 

 Breeding habits of — Cichlasoma. Bctr- 

 chardt, F. 1913.1. — Cyclogaster. Ehren- 

 baum, E. 1897.1 (iii). — Krefftius. Gale, 

 A. 1914.1. —Betta. Leonhardt, E. E. 

 1905.5; Waite, E. R. 1904.2; Fabre- 

 Domergue, P. Add. 1914.1. —Laby- 

 rinthici. MandSe, R. 1907.1. — Perca 

 flavescens. Mather, F. 1892.1. — Etheo- 

 stoma. Reeves, C. D. 1907.1. — Percina 

 caprodes. Reighard, J. E. 1913.1. — 

 Heros. Tappan, F. L. 1912.1. 



Sub-order Haplomi 

 Breeding habits of — ■ Umbra. Abbott, 

 C. C. 1874.3; Carbonnier, P. 1874.1; 

 Gill, T. N. 1906.2. — Haplochilus. 

 Gruber, A. 1911.1. 



Sub-order Malaoopterygii 



Breeding habits of — Gymnarchus. 



Budgett, J. S. 1900.2. —Clupea. Der- 



schau, W. 1894.1. — Luciotrutta. Heide, 



E. J. 1912.2. —Shad. Kirtland, F. 1879.1. 



— Coregonus. Maier, H. N. 1910.1. — 

 Arapaima. Marooy, P. 1869.1; Veris- 

 simo, J. Add. 1895.1. 



Sub-order Ostariophysi 

 Breeding habits of — Parasilurus, the 

 Glanis of Aristotle. Agassiz, J. L. 1856.2; 

 Gill, T. N. 1906.4. — Malopterurus. 

 Babukhin, A. I. 1875.1, 1877.1; Bilharz, 

 T. 1853.1; Du Bois Reymond, E. H. 

 1881.2; Fritsch, G. T. 1887.1. —■ Ras- 

 bora. Bonorden, A. 1911.1, 1913.1. 



— Catostomus. Culbertson, G. 1904.1. 



— Cobitis, Leucaspis, and Phoxinus. 

 Knauthe, K. 1890.1. — Callichthys. Lie- 

 big, T. 1912.1; Schubert, H. 1907.1. 



— Leuciscus. Milewski, A. 1915.2; Schreit- 

 milUer, W. 1912.5. — Ictiobus (Buffalo 

 fish). Mosher, A. A. 1885.2. — Semotilus. 

 Reighard, J. E. 1910.1. — Leucaspius. 

 Tautz, A. 1910.1. 



Sub-order Percesoces 



Breeding habits of — Mugil. Kiinstler, 

 J. 1904.1. —Tylosurus. Abbott, C. C. 

 Add. 1888.1. 



Breeding seasons. Marine fishes. — 

 British fishes. Brook, G. 1885.7. — North 

 Sea. Ehrenbaum, E. 1908.2, 1910.1.— 

 San Diego, Cal. Eigenmann, C. H. 1891.5. 



— Gulf of Naples. Lo Bianco, S. 1888.1. 



— French fishes. Sauvage, H. E. 1891.2. 

 - — Woods Hole, Mass. Bumpus, H. C. 

 1898.1,.2,.3, 1899.1; Sumner, B. F., Os- 

 burn, R. C, & Cole, L. J. 1913.1; 

 Thompson, M. T. 1899.1. 



Fresh-water fishes of France. Coste, J. J. 

 1869.1; Guillaume, C. E. 1905.1. —0/ 

 Germany. Vogt, C. C. 1860.1. — Com- 

 parison of times in standing and running 

 water. Huet, P. 1906.1. — T/iomes R. 

 seasons. Griffiths, R. Pre-Linn. 1746.1. 



Breeding seasons of various fishes. — ■ 

 Polyodon. Allen, W. F. 1911.1. —Cod. 

 Baird, S. F. 1875.28. — Variations in 

 Labridce. List, J. H. 1887.2. ■ — Coregonus. 

 Lochner von Hiittenbach, - 1907.1; 

 Sandman, J. A. 1904.2. — Black bass. 

 Wilmot, S. 1876.2. 



Copulation. For actual copulation in 

 teleosts with internal fertilization, Chimce- 

 roids, and sharks and rays including 

 oviparous forms, see below under Viviparity. 



Fecundity, or number of eggs pro- 

 duced. Miscellaneous papers. Atkins, C. 

 G. 1870.1; Audig6, J. & Loup, — 1909.1; 

 Harmer, T. 1768.1. 



Marine fishes, chiefly Gadus morrhua, G. 

 pollachius, Platessa vulgaris, and Pleuro- 

 nectes platessa. Dunn, M. 1884.2; Earll, 

 R.E. 1880.1; Feldt. — 1899.1 ; Franz, V. 

 1910.1,.2; Fulton, T.W. 1906.2; Hensen, 

 V. 1883.1, 1884.1; Hensen, V., & Ap- 

 stein, C. 1897.1; Laurie, R. D. 1904.1; 

 Reibisch, J. 1899.1. 



Fecundity of various other fishes. — 

 Labrax. Blanding, W. 1841.1. — Clupea. 

 Fulton, T. W. 1904.1; Anon. 458. — 

 Carp. Staff, F. 1910.1; Zur Muhlen, M. 

 1911.17. — Anguilla (9,000,000 eggs). 

 Anon. 4. — Salmon. Anon. 205. 



Methods of estimating number of ovarian 

 ova. •Fulton, T. W. 1891.4; Reibisch, 

 J. 1899.1. — For counting of eggs in fish- 

 cultural practises, see Apparatus and ap- 

 pliances, under Pisciculture. 



Pseudo-copulation of oviparous 

 fishes. Siluroids. — Silurus glanis. 



Agassiz, J. L. 1856.2. — Callichthys. 

 Boecker.W. 1909.1; Carbonnier, P. 1880.2, 

 .3, 1881.2; Eggeling, 0., & Ehrenberg.F. 

 1908.1; Jurgens, W. 1906.1; Vipan, J. A. 

 1886.1. — Arius, Auchenipterus, and Os- 



