590 



SUBJECT INDEX — MORPHOLOGICAL SECTION 



Skeleton — Cont'd. 



Sub-order Acanthopterygii 



Structure of the skeleton of — ■ Cata- 



phracti. Berg, L. S. 1906.12. — Pleuro- 



nectes. *Cole, F. J. & Johnstone, J. 



1901.1. —Lutjaninoe. Gill, T. N. 1885.4. 



— Etheostomince. Jordan, D. S. & Eigen- 

 mann, 0. H. 1886.1. — Lopholatilus. 

 Lucas, F. A. 1905.1. — Thynnus. Mas- 

 terman, A. T. 1894.1. — Regalecus. 

 •Parker, T. J. 1886.3. — Microptems. 

 Shufeldt, R. W. 1884.1, .2, 1901.10. — 

 Kurtus. Beaufort, L. F. Add. 1914.1. 



Skeleton of Luvarus imperialis (Auaonia 

 and Proctostegus are synonyms). Gilnther, 

 A. O. 1866.7; Nardo, G. D. 1827.1, 

 1840.1; Regan, C. T. 1903.9; Waits, E. 

 R. 1902.3. 



Osteology of the Scombridce and Caran- 

 gidm. Regan, C. T. 1909.13; Starks, E. 

 G. 1909.1, 1910.1, 1911.4,.5; VaiUant, 

 L. L. 1885.2. . 



Osteology of some berycoid fishes (Bery- 

 coidea) , including the following families or 

 genera: Holocentridoe, Hoplostethus, Mono- 

 centridce, Myripristis, Polymixida, and 

 Trachichthyidm. Starks, E. G. 1904.2. 



For additional papers on this group, see 

 below under " Researches of Starks." 

 Sub-order Pediculati 



Skeletal anatomy of — Ceratias. Liitken, 

 G. F. 1880.1, .4. —Lophius. Morrow, R. 

 Add. 1882.1. 



Sub-order Plectognathi 



Skeleton of — Balistes. Briihl, C. B. 

 1891.2; HoUard, H. L. 1853.1; Klein, 

 E. E. 1872.1. —Triodon. Dareste, G. 

 1849.1. — Oymnodontidce. HoUard, H. L. 

 1857.1, 1860.1. — Diodon. Shufeldt, R. W. 

 1917.2. 



Special researches on the 

 osteology of Teleosts 



Since the taxonomic groupings, such as 

 orders and sub-orders, are largely based 

 on skeletal or skull characters, an exten- 

 sive literature has been developed. It is 

 of course obviously impossible to note 

 here all of the many taxonomic works 

 containing summaries of such distinctive 

 characters. The following references 

 primarily define the osteological basis for 

 these groupings. The chief workers in 

 this field are Gill, Regan, and Starks. 



Reference may advantageously be made 

 to " The orders of teleostomous fishes." 

 •Gregory, W. K. 1907.1. 



Researches of Gill 



The chief references to this author are 

 •Gill, T. N. 1885.4, 1891.7-.13. See also 

 those cited under " Apodes." See also, for 



— Amphipnoidce. 1891.7, and — Hemi- 

 tripteridoe. 1891.9. 



Researches of Regan 



Papers of the highest type, defining the 

 osteological characters of the following 

 groups (considered " orders " unless other- 

 wise stated), are cited under •Regan, G. 

 T. as follows. — Sub-order Allolriognathi, 

 including the families Lamprididm, Veli- 



feridoe, Trachypteridce, and Lophotidas. 

 1007.11. 



Scombriformes, including Carangidce and 

 Scombridce. 1909.13. — Iniomi. 1911.2. 

 Salmopercce. 1911.3. — Berycomorphi, and 

 Xenoberyces. 1911.4. — Gobioidea, 1911.14. 



— Microcyprini. 1911.15. — Apodes. 

 1912.15. —Opisthomi. 1912.16. — Sclero- 

 parei. 1913.13. 



Researches of Starks 



Works likewise of the very highest order, 

 and having the advantage of excellent illus- 

 trations, are those cited under •Starks, E. 

 G. 1898.1-1911.5. In detail, they are 

 listed partly above under Catosteomi, Per- 

 cesoces, and Acanthopterygii, and partly 

 under the following families or genera of 

 Acanthopterygii. — Sebastolobus. 1898.1. 



— Zeidm. 1898.2. — Dinolestes. 1899.2. 



— Antigoniidoe. 1902.1. — Caularchus. 



1905.1. — Stylephorus. 1908.1. —Gem- 

 pylidce, Lepidopidm, and Trichiuridoe. 



1911.3. — Leiognathus. 1911.4. 



SKULL OF FISHES 



The full literature on the skull will be found 

 by consulting also the sections on Skeleton and 

 Visceral Skeleton. 



For the " Abnormalities of the skull," see 

 under Teratology. 



" The skull is a complex structure and 

 the last word concerning its composition 

 has yet to be said." (Kingsley.) 



Probably the most valuable general 

 treatise on the development and morphology 

 of the vertebrate skull (text in German) , with 

 a full bibliography, is •Gaupp, E. Add. 

 1905.1. 



Unquestionably the most learned treatises 

 in English, illustrating the anatomy of the 

 fish skull (bones, nerves, foramina, etc.) in 

 remarkable detail, are those cited under 

 •Allis, E. P. 1897.1, 1898.3, 1899.2, 1900.2, 



1903.4, 1904.1, 1907.1, 1909.1, 1913.1, etc. 

 Other valuable treatises on the morphology 



of the fish skull, in English, are those of 

 •Parker, W. K. 1872.1, 1879.2, 1881.1, 

 and 1882.1. 



Various papers of a general or unclassi- 

 fied nature including the morphology of the 

 fish skull. Baur, G. H. 1889.2; Geof- 

 froy-St.-H., E. F. 1807.1, 1824.1, 1825.2; 

 Goodsir, J. 1857.2; •Gregory, W. K. 

 1913.1; •Klein, B. E. 1868.2; •Kostlin, 

 0. 1844.1; Mead, G. S. 1904.1; Owen, 

 R. 1848.1; •Parker, W. K. & Bettany, 

 G. T. 1877.1; Spitznagel, F. 1821.1; 

 Sutton, J. B. 1887.1; Voskoboinikov, M. 

 M. 1914.1; Wright, William. 1909.1. 



PHYLOGENY OF THE SK1TLL 

 Vertebral theory of the skull 



Many of the statements in the present 

 summary are based on the above account 

 of Gaupp (E. Add. 1905.1). 



" A young skull " (says Huxley, T. H. Add. 



1559.2, p. 383) " may be readily separated into 

 a number of segments, in each of which it re- 

 quires but little imagination to trace a sort of 

 family likeness to such an expanded vertebra 

 as the atlas. 



