SUBJECT INDEX — MORPHOLOGICAL SECTION 



593 



Dipnoi 



Morphology of the skull of Dipnoi in 

 general. Allis, E. P. 1914.2; •Bridge, T. 

 W. 1897.1; Bmhl, C. B. 1891.3; Cob- 

 bold, T. S. 1862.3; •Fiirbringer, K. 

 1904.2; Boas, J. E. Add. 1914.1. 



Development of the chondrocranium in 

 — Lepidosiren and Proiopterus. *Agar, 

 W. E. 1906.1. — Neoceratodus. Kravetz, 

 L. 1911.1; Winslow, G. M. 1898.1; 

 McGregor, J. H. Add. 1901.1. 



Elasmobranchil 



The Elsismobranchs *' are sharply separated 

 from all fishes except the Marsipobranchii, by 

 the non-related condition of their exo- and endo- 

 skeleton " (Parker, W. K. 1879.2, p. 189). The 

 skull is formed entirely by the chondrocranium. 

 Calcification may occur in adult specimens but 

 neither cartilage bones nor membrane bones 

 develop, 



Plagiostomi 



The outstanding treatise on the Elasmo- 

 branch skull is the classical memoir {in 

 German) of -A-Gegenbaur, C. 1864.2 (iii). 



An excellent general treatise in German 

 is *Hubrecht, A. A. 1876.3, p. 38 et seq. 



Probably the most valuable memoir in 

 English is •Parker, W. K. 1879.2. 



Development and morphology of the 

 Selachian skull. Allis, E. P. 1913.1, 

 1914.1,.3; KoUiker, R. A. 1860.4; Rabl- 

 Rilckliard, H. 1880.1; Rosenberg, E. W. 

 1884.1, 1887.1; •Severtzov, A. N. 1899.1; 

 Wijhe, J. AV. 1904.1. 



Structure of the skull in — Chlamy.- 

 doselachus. Cope, E. D. 1884.1, 1884.9. 



— Pristidm. •Hoffmann, L. 1912.1. 



— Ceratoptera. Lloyd, R. E. 1908.2. — 

 Stegostoma. •Luther, A. F. 1909.1. — 

 Lcemargus. White, P. J. 1893.1. 



For excellent figures of the skulls of 

 various Plagiostomes, see Garman, S. 

 1913.1. 



Holocephali 



As may be inferred from the name " Holo- 

 cephali," " the chimeeroid cranitim, instead of 

 developing as a unifonn trough-like brain-case 

 (shark), appears, even in early condition, in a 

 wonderfully complete form ; it incloses the hind- 

 brain, the forebrain, and the nasal region." 

 (Dean, B. 1906.1, p. 127.) 



Structure of the skull of Holocephali. 

 Briihl, C. B. 1891.3; Hubrecht, A. A. 

 1876.1; •Luther, A. F. 1909.1; Reis, 

 O. M. 1895.2; •Schauinsland, H. H. 

 1903.1. 



SKDI-I. OF TELEOSTOMI 



Crossopterygii 



In Polypterus, the chondrocranium is largely 

 persistent. The sphenoid bone, according to 

 Bridge (p. 126) , is strictly homologous with the 

 sphenethmoid of the Amphibia. Ko Ganoids 

 other than Polypterus and Calamoichthys have 

 a sphenethmoid of the Polypterine or Amphib- 

 ian type. 



" Polypterus," says Pollard (p. 405), will 

 be the most suitable type to explain the origin 

 of periohondrial [cartilage] bones." 



Morphology of the skull of Polypterus. 

 Allis, E. P. 1900.2; Bridge, T. W. 1890.3; 



Budgett, J. S. 1902.2; Owen, R. 1863.1; 

 •Pollard, H. B. 1892.2; Traquair, R. H. 

 1871.3. 



Morphology in Calamoichthys. Supino, 

 F. 1914.2. 



Cbondrostei 



Homologies of cranial hones of Polyodon. 

 Allia, E. P. 1903.3; Bridge, T. W. 1878.1. 



Development and morphology of the skull 

 of Acipenser. Luther, A. F. 1913.1; 

 Maggi, L. 1899.1; •Parker, W. K. 

 1873.1, 1881.1. 



Holostei 



Morphology, development, and homolo- 

 gies of bones of the skull of Amia and of 

 Lepidosteus. •Allis, E. P. 1897.1, 1898.3, 

 1899.2; Bridge, T.W. 1877.1; •Parker, 

 W. K. 1882.1; •Sagemehl, M. 1884.1; 

 Schreiner, K. E. 1902.1; •Veit, 0. 

 1907.1, 1911.1. 



Teleostei 



Additional references to the skull of 

 Teleosts will be found under Skeleton, 

 below the caption " Osteology of Teleostei." 



Sub-order Acanthopterygii 



Cranial anatomy of the mail-cheeked 

 fishes, Loricati or Scorpcenoidea. •Allis, 

 E. P. 1907.1, 1909.1. 



Cranial anatomy of Scomber. •AUiSj 

 E. P. 1903.4; Dewitz, J. 1904.1. 



Skull of Pleuronectidce. Briihl, C. B. 

 1891.5; •Cole, F. J. & Johnstone, J. 

 1901.1; Klein, E.E. 1868.1. —Forchanges 

 in skull of flatfishes during metamorphosis 

 and rotation of eye, see under Pleuronectidse 

 in the Systematic Section. 



Structure of the skull of — Anarrichthys. 

 Adams, L. A. 1908.1. — Regalecus. Ben- 

 ham, W. B. & Dunbar, W. J. 1906.1. 

 —Labrax. Briihl, C. B. 1891.5. — Se- 

 bastodes. Cramer, F. 1895.1. — Cyclop-, 

 terus and Liparis. Hilgendorf, F. M. 



1878.1. — Lucioperca. Pugliesi, E. 1911.1. 

 — Echeneidm. Regan, C. T. 1912.2. — 

 Ruvettus. Supino, F. 1901.1 (m). — 

 Trichiuridce. Supino, F. 1904.3. 



Cranial characters (taxonomic) of Spa- 

 roid genera Calamus, Diplodus, Archo- 

 sargus, and Stenotomus. Gill, T. N. 

 1883.1,.3. 



Structure of the skull respectively of 

 Pomatomus and Hoplostethus; Percidm and 

 Triglidce; and Trachinidm. Supino, F. 

 1901.1 (iy). 1904.3, 1908.3. 



Sub-order Apodes 



Skull of Muraenidce. Cannarella, P. 

 1898.1; Ficalbi, E. 1886.1; Jacoby, L. 

 1867.1. 



Skull of — Anguilla. Parker, W. K. 



1871.2. ^- Amphipnous. Regan, C. T. 

 1912.1. — Gastrostomus. Zugmayer, E. 

 1913.1. 



Sub-order Haplomi 

 Skull of — Esox. Arendt, E. 1822.1; 

 •Walther, J. K. 1883.1; Cseng6, N. Add. 

 1914.1. — Scopelus. Supino, F. 1901.1 (i). 



