602 



AMERICAN MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY 



Temp. EBecta^ Cont'd. 



Heat, influences. Day, F. 1885.2; 

 Fatio, V. 1899.2; Frenzel, J. 1896.1; 

 Goette, A. 1909.1. — Influence on pig- 

 mentation. Murisier, P. 1912.1. 



Shad killed by heat in Connecticut R. 

 Green, S. 1869.1. — Volcanic heating of 

 water effecting migrations. Krebs, W. 

 1912.1. 



Resuscitation of frozen fishes after 

 animation had been suspended. 



Reports of occurrences, experiments, etc. 

 Aitch, W. 1875.1; Clarke, B,. 1854.1; 

 Dougherty, "W. E. 1875.1; Hubbard, O. 

 P. 1850.1; Kirtland, J. P. 1851.1; 



Knauthe, K. 1887.1; Lathrop, S. P. 

 1852.1; Mowry, A. H. 1875.1; Peirce, 

 M. P. 1884.1; •Pictet, R. 1893.1; 



SmUey, C. W. 1884.12; Welsher, H. W. 

 1879.1; Wigg, G. 1882.1; Zur Milhlen, 

 M. 1911.14; Anon. 632; Athenseus, N. 

 Pre-Linn. 1680.1. 



Resuscitation after hibernation. Umbra. 

 Abbott, C. G. 1874.3: Dallia. Turner, 

 L. M. 1886.1 (p. 101). 



Relations between climate and 

 fisheries. {Meteorological conditions). 

 Miscellaneous. Eidsvaag, E. 1909.1; 

 Marion, A. F. 1894.7; Muirhead, G. 

 1903.1. 



Climatic influences on fisheries of — 

 Sardine. Blavier, A. 1882.1; Odin, A. 

 1896.1. —Herring. Buckland, F. T., Wal- 

 pole, S. & Young, A. 1878.1; Krebs, W. 

 1911.1; Otterstr0m, A. N. 1910.1. —An- 

 chovy. Fowler, G. H. 1889.1. 



Effects of Gulf stream on European sea 

 fisheries. Johnstone, J. 1910.3. 



TEMPERATURE OF PISHES (OR- 

 CALOR ANIMALIS) 



In fishes, as in other " cold-blooded animals," 

 the body temperature is generally considered to 

 be variable and approximately that of tbe sur- 

 rounding medium. 



Davy observed a deep-muscle temperature 

 in the bonito {Thynnua) nearly 10" C. higher 

 than the water. 



Subsequently, Kidder demonstrated ' by 

 special thermometers that readings as usually 

 taken in the oesophagus or rectum are untrust- 

 worthy and that those from deeper centers such 

 as heart, liver or stomach show an excess of 

 several (4 or 5) degrees F. above the water 

 temperature. 



More recently Simpson has found that small 

 examples show practically no excess while larger 

 examples show a temperature averaging a half 

 degree Centigrade higher than the water. 



Observations, actual records of tempera- 

 ture, and methods of investigation. *Kid- 

 der, J. H. 1880.1; King, R. 1836.1; Por- 

 tier, P. 1903.1, 1908.1; Eegnard, P. 

 1895.3; •Simpson, S. 1908.1, .2. — 

 Thynnus considered a warm-blooded fish. 

 Davy, J. 1835.1, Add. 1835.2. 



Miscellaneous notes, reviews, etc. De- 

 laroche, F. E. 1807.1; Fibich, S. 1904.1 

 Gill, T. N. 1881.3; Grieg, J. A. 1909.1 

 Harting, P. 1880.1; Kidder, J. A. 1880.1. 

 Anon. 106, 586. — Production of heat. 

 Dubois, R. 1899.3. 



TERATOLOGY 



See also under related subjects such as Her- 

 maphroditism, and Reg'eneration. For Am- 

 bicoloration or unicoloration in flat-fishes, see 

 wnder Pleuronectidae. For all other AbnormaU- 

 ties in coloration, see under Coloration. 



General treatises. For a model treatise 

 with discussions of causation, development, 

 etc., and with a resume of the literature, see 

 •Gemmill, J. F. 1912.1. 



Other general treatises. Heusner, - 

 1824.1; •Otto, A. W. 1841.1; Rauber. 

 A. 1877.1, 1879.1; •Schwalbe, E. 1906.1; 

 Taruffi, C. 1894.1; Geoffroy-Saint- 



HUaire, I. Add. 1832.1; Rayer, P. F. 

 Add. 1843.1. — Earliest general work. 

 Aldrovandi, U. Pre-Linn. 1642.1. 



Experimental results. Artificial pro- 

 duction of monsters by use of saline and 

 sugar solutions and other media. Bataillon, 

 E. 1901.1, .2; Lereboullet, D. A. 1861.2, 

 1862.1, .3; Supino, F. 1896.1; Tomier, 

 G. 1908.1, 1911.1; Dareste, C. Add. 

 1861.1; Loeb, J. Add. 1915.1. — urea, 

 butyric acid, sodium glycocholate, etc. 

 Werber, E. I. 1915.1,.2. —See also 

 •E. I. Werber in Journ. Exper. Zool., 

 1916, vol. 21, pp. 485-573; and 1917, vol. 

 24, pp. 409-436. 



See also below under Cyclopia, for ex- 

 perimental production of this abnormality. 



Miscellaneous papers. Barras de 

 Aragon, F. 1905.1; Couch, J. 1868.1; 

 Keith, A. 1909.1; Marchand, E. 1901.1; 

 Nusbaum, J. 1907.3; Rabaud, E. 1901.1, 

 .2; Richard, J. 1912.1; Traquair, R. H. 

 1900.3; WiUiamson, H. C. 1911.2. — 

 Collection in Royal College of Surgeons, 

 London; catalogue. Lowne, B. T. 1893.1. 

 — Dwarf races of fishes. Klunzinger, C. B. 

 1900.1. 



Various abnormalities. Abnormal 

 dentition in — Raja. Day, F. 1880.2. — 

 Rhinoptera. Woodward, A. S. Add. 

 1888.1. ■ — ■ Teeth replaced by gills in Acan- 

 thias. Grosser, O. & Przibam, H. 1906.1. 



Skin and Scales. — Hypertrophy of 

 skin. Arnold, J. P. 1911.16. —Egg-cellsin 

 skin, Macropodus. Zschiesche, A. 1910.1. 

 — Abnormal scales in pilchard. Bateson, 

 W. 1894.3. — in flounders. Herdman, 

 W. A., Scott, A. & Johnstone. J. 1905.1. 



Supernumerary barbels in Siluridce, 

 Eigeumann, C. H. & Cox, U. O. 1900.1; 

 .Roth, W. 1905.2. 



Abnormalities of gill-clefts in — Sgualus. 

 Ekman, G. 1910.1. — ■ Myxine and Petro- 

 myzon. Howes, G. B. 1893.1. — Petro- 

 m.yzon lacking branchial orifices. Blanc, 

 H. 1913.1. — Opercular gills, abnormal in 

 Polypteru's. Boulenger, G. A. 1899.8. 



— Operculum perck. Flintoff, R. J. 1896.1. 

 Two ova in one egg case in sharks. Joseph, 



H. 1906.1; Vayssifere, A. 1909.1. 



Abnormalities with type of anomaly not 

 indicated. — ■ Anguilla. Ninni, E. 1910.1. 



— Barbus. S., G. 1880.1. — Carassius. 

 Charvet, P. A. 1826.1. — Carp. Bookh, 

 G. 1863.1; Tiedemann, D. F. 1819.1; 

 Ballot. - Add. 1837.1. — Salmonidw. 



