604 



AMERICAN MUSEUM OF NATURAL fflSTORY 



Teratology — Cont'd. 



1885.1. — Abnormalities in Scyllium.'BoT- 

 c^a, J. 1904.8. 



Nervous system. — Defective brain. 

 Torpedo. Coggi, A. 1891.1., — Auditory 

 nerve, anomaly. Cortese, F. 1868.1. — ■ 

 Suppl. lateral line, Acipenser. jaquet, M. 



1899.2. — Abnormal cerebellum, Alopias. 

 Lfeger, M. 1887.1. — Pelvic plexus, Acan- 

 thias. Punnett, R. C. 1901.1. 



AXIAL ABNORMALITIES 



Skull abnormalities, type not indicated. 



— Labrax. Ayres, W. O. 1849.4. —Gen- 

 eral. Freund, L. 1907.1. — Esox. Poppius, 

 B. 1911.1. —Gadus. Wyman, J. 1851.2. 



Abnormalities in snout and jaws. 

 Malformed jaws in — Esox. Brofeldt, P; 

 1912:i; Hopewell-Smith, A. 1908.1. — 

 Trigla. Johnston, J. 1906.2. — ■ Produced 

 jaws in Salmo. Yung, E. J. 1901.1. 



Anomalies of the snout in — ■ Acipenser 

 and Sargus. Jaquet, M. 1897.1,- 1911.1. 



— Carp. Erhard, G. Pre-Linn. 1748.1; 

 Hamberger, G. E. Pre-Linn. 1748.1. 



Buccal occlusion or absence of 

 mouth. Associated with abnormalities of 

 jaws, etc. 



Examples in the carp. Fehhnann, J. W. 

 1912.1; Hofer, B. 1904.2,.3; Sohiemenz, 

 P. 1897.1; Steindachner, F. 1863.7; 

 Wundsch, H. H. 1913.1; Geoffroy-Saint- 

 Hilaire, I. Add. 1882.1. 



Examples in — Abramis. Garstang, 

 W. 1897.2; Miineh, - 1911.1. —ScZeroff- 

 nathus. Lawrence, G. W. 1876.1. — 

 Chondrostoma. _ Pellegrin, J. 1908.14. — 

 Caiostomus. Leidy, J. Add. 1875.1. 



Shortening and curvature of snout; 

 "Mopskopf." Also called Pug-head or 

 Bulldog-head, TUe du chien, etc. 



Examples in various fishes. Lonnberg, 

 A. J. 1892.2; Ninni, E. 1903.2; Putnam, 



F. W. 1866.3; Stach, J. 1906.1. — Hered- 

 ity of "Mopskopfigkeit." Knauthe, K. 

 1893.3. — Artificially induced. Tornier, 



G. 1908.1, 1911.1. 



Examples in the carp. (Cyprinus carpio) , 

 Bockh, G. 1863.1; Donnadieu, A. L. 

 1870.1; Heuscher, J. 1911.1; Jaquet, M. 

 1902.1; Steindachner, F. 1863.7; Aldro- 

 vandi, XJ. Pre-Linn. 1642.1. 



In cod (Gadus morrhua) . Cobbold, T. S. 

 1858.1; Federley, H. 1908.1; Patterson, 

 A. H. 1898.1; Willumsen, P. J. 1901.1. 



In salmon and trout. Buckland, F. T. 

 1877.2; Carlet, G. 1879.2; Krauss, F. 

 1886.1; Lidth de Jeude, T. W. 1885.1; 

 Cornay, J. E. Add. 1847.1. 



Examples tn various teleosts. — • Mugil. 

 Canestrini, R. 1886.1. — Labrax. Fas- 

 ciolo, A. 1904.1. —Esox. Hofer, B. 1901.3. 



— Abramis. Leonhardt, E. 1906.13. — 

 Cottus. Nystrom, E. 1889.1. — Lumpenus. 

 Pappenheim, P. 1907.3. —Tr.igla. Patter- 

 son, A. H. 1897.1. — Perca. Pellegrin, J. 

 1908. 16,. 17. —Atherina. Seabra, A. F. 

 1907.1. —Roccus. Sutton, A. C. 1913.1. 



— Microplerus. Herrick, F. H. Add. 

 1885.1. 



Vertebral column. General anomalies. 

 Deslongchamps, J. 1861.1; Hyrtl, C. J. 

 1849.4, 1862.1; Pellegrin, J. 1902.4; 



Wieber, J. D. 1903.1; Bruch, C. Add. 



1862.2. — Palistrophy (Coalesced verte- 

 brce) in Cobitis. Giard, A. 1900.3. 



Vertebral and notochordal reduplications. 

 Gemmill, J. F. 1906.1. — Ling with five 

 backbones. Cornish, T. Add. 1884.1. 

 Spinal curvature. Misc. and gen. Holt, 



E. W. 1890.1; Howes, G. B. 1894.1; 

 Keller, O. 1911.1; Koch, M. 1912.2; 

 Williamson, H. C. 1910.1. —In Chon- 

 drostoma. Surbeck, G. 1913.3. — Ex- 

 amples in Gadidce. Smith, John A. 1867.10; 

 Storrow, B. 1910.1; Williamson, H. C. 



1911.3. — in SalmonidcB. Cobbold, T. S. 

 1855.1; Ritchie, J. 1908.2; Surbeck, G. 

 1913.4; Vivra,V. 1906.1. —Trigla. Kyle, 

 H. M. 1900.4. 



DOUBLE MONSTROSITIES 



So-called double or twin embryos oc- 

 curring usually among the fry, recorded 

 especially among salmon and trout. In- 

 cluding also "duplicities" in sense of 

 Werber. 



General treatises. Anatoniy, develop- 

 ment, theories of causation, etc. Blanc, L. 

 1896.1; •Gemmill, J. F. 1901.1, 1903.1, 

 1912.1; Klaussner, F. 1890.1; Kopsch, 



F. 1899.1; •Lanzi, L. 1911.1; •Meckel, 

 J. F. 1815.1; Panum, P. L. 1878.1; 

 •Schmitt, F. 1901.1, 1902.1; Valentin, 



G. G. 1851.1. 



For a recent experimental analysis, with 

 causation viewed as a developmental arrest, 

 see •Stockard, C. R. in Am. Journ. of 

 Anat., 1921, vol. 28, 115-266. 



Minor papers, records of occurrence, 

 etc. Chiefly Salmonidce. Barbieri, C. 

 1906.2, .3; Bataillon, E. 1900.3; Bean, 

 B. A. 1889.3; Bugnion, E. 1880.1; Cool- 

 idge, A. 1869.1; Coste, P. 1855,1; Des- 

 longchamps, J. A. 1862.1; Garman, S. & 

 Denton, S. F. 1886.1; Geoffroy-Saint- 

 Hilaire, I. 1855.1; Girdwoyd, M. 1880.1; 

 Grieg, J. A. 1900.2; Jacobi, S. L. 1765.1; 

 Knoch, J. 1873.1; Kaestner, S. 1898.1; 

 •Moser, P. 1907.1; Oellacher, J. 1874.1, 

 .2; Quatrefages, J. L. 1855.1,.2, 1874.1, 

 1888.1; Rauber, A. 1880.1; Salm- 

 Horstmar, W. F. 1861.1; Serres, P. M. 

 1855.2; Windle. B. C. 1889.1, 1895.1; 

 Chidester, F. E. Add. 1914.1; Putnam, 

 F. W. Add. 1870.1. 



Adult double monsters. — in Felichthys. 

 Churchill, H. 1834.1. — in Salmo. Secques, 

 F. 1895.1. — Two-headed adult salmon. 

 Yarrell, W. 1836.1. 



Double embryos of sharks, chiefly double- 

 headed examples. Baster, J. 1762.2; Bean, 

 B. A. 1889.3; Dohrn, A. 1902.1; Gadeau 

 de KerviUe, H. 1892.1; Levison, F. 1878.1; 

 Willard, W. A. 1915.1. —First known 

 reference to double sharks. Aldrovandi, U. 

 Pre-Linn. 1642.1. 



Double monstrosities in — Peiromyzon. 

 Bataillon, E. 1900.2. — Girardinus. 

 Emeljanenko, P. E. 1907.4. — Esox. 

 •LerebouUet, A. 1855.1. — Perca. Baer, 



