SUBJECT INDEX — MORPHOLOGICAL SECTION 



611 



•Kemna, A. 1904.1; Masterman, A. T. 

 1898.1; Mayer, A. F. 1865.1; Retzius, 

 M. G. 1881.1; Schaffer, J. 1901.2 (iii), 

 1910.1; •Studnifika, F. K. 1S97.2,.3, 

 1902.1, 1903.2; Valenti, G. 1898.1; 

 Mtlller, W. Add. 1871.1 (i). 



Hypochord, or sub-notochordal rod. — 

 Development in teleosts. Franz, K. 1897.1. 



— In Raja. •Gibson, W. T. 1909.1. 



— Morphological significance. Klaatsoh, 

 H. 1897.2. — Origin, Selachii. Weber, A. 

 1913.1. 



Relations of temperature to number of 

 vertebrw. Jordan, D. S. 1892.2, 1893.2, 

 1894.3. — Mode of union of vertebrm after 

 fracture, Solea. Yarrell, W. 1835.1. 



Various papers on the development, 

 morphology, phytogeny, etc., of the vertebral 

 column. {The forms to which they relate 

 are not indicated in the titles.) Baur, G. H. 

 1886.1; Dormitzer, M. 1852.1; DoUo, 

 L. 1893.2; Geoffroy-Saint-Hilaire, E. 

 1821.1, 1822.1, .3; •Gaupp, E. 1897.1; 

 Hay, 0. P. 1896.2, 1897.1, .2; Home, E. 

 1809.2; Ihering, H. 1878.2; Jaekel, O. 

 1904.2; Lavocat, A. 1884.1, 1885.1; 



MilUer, A. 1853.1; Spencer, H. 1900.1; 

 Stannius, F. H. 1849.2; Suster, M. 1899.1; 

 Welcker, H. 1878.1; Bruch, C. Add. 

 1862.1, .2; Cartier, O. Add. 1875.1; 

 Schultze, C. A. Add. 1818.1. 



Notochordal sheath 

 The cutioular product of the notochord 

 which it surrounds; composed of the 

 Elastica Interna or original border of the 

 chorda, the secondary sheath often in- 

 vaded by oortilage cells, and the Elastica 

 Externa (primary sheath) or outermost 

 boundary of the entire chordal sheath. 



Development, structure, etc. Ebner, V. 

 1896.6,.7; Kolliker, R. A. 1860.2; Lvov, 

 V. N. 1SS7.1; Perenyi, J. 1887.1; 

 Schneider, O. 1913.1; Glaus, C. Add. 

 1894.1. 



History of investigations of the noto- 

 chordal sheath. Kolliker, R. A. Add. 

 1S72.1. 



VERTEBRAL COLUMN 



Morphology in various 



groups of fishes 



Following Gadow and Abbott we are 

 able to distinguish two types in the 

 formation of the centra or bodies of the 

 vertebrae. 



I. " Chorda-centra, i.e., centra formed 

 by the entire chordal sheath, which 

 itself has been strengthened by invasion 

 of cartilaginous cells from the skele- 

 togenous layer. Chorda centra are pos- 

 sessed by all Elasmobranehs, potentially 

 by Dipnoi and Holocephali." 



II. " Arch-centra, i. e., centra formed 

 by the skeletogenous mass which remains 

 entirely on the outside of the chordal 

 sheath, which latter takes no share in 

 their formation: osseous Ganoids and 

 Teleostei." 



Cephalochordata 

 In this group, the vertebral axis is 

 composed of the primitive notochord. 



Structure and development of the noto- 

 chord in Amphioxus. Ebner, V. 1896.2; 

 Harting, P. 1879.2; Kossmann, R. A. 

 1873.1; Lubach, D. 1870.2; Lvov, V. 

 N. 1893.2, Add. 1891.1, 1892.1; Moreau, 

 E. 1870.1, .2, 1875.1; Pouchet, G. 1881.2; 

 Renault, J. & Duchamp, G. 1878.1; 

 Repiachoff, W. 1883.1; Retzius, M. G. 

 1891.1; Rolph, W. 1875.1; Joseph, H. 

 Add. 1895.1; Mihalkowics,V. Add. 1876.1. 



Cyclostomata 



A persistent acentrous notochord; the 

 skeletogenous layer remains outside the 

 elastica externa so that the chordal 

 sheath remains entirely ohordagenous. 

 Dorsal processes probably representing 

 basi- and inter-dorsals. No ventral 

 arcualia. 



Structure and development, chiefly in 

 Petromyzon. Calberla, E. 1877.2; Ebner, 

 V. (Myxine) 1896.3,.5; Geoffroy-Saint- 

 Hilaire, E. 1821.1; Goette, A, 1878.1,.4; 

 Hasse, J. C. 1894.1; P6r6pelkine, K. 

 1878.1; Retzius, M.G. 1892.2; Schneider, 

 A. F. 1879.1 (p. 51) ; Scott, W. B. 1882.1. 



Arthrodira 



In Dinichthys, the vertebral column con- 

 sists of slightly calcified neural and hcemal 

 arches and a persistent notochord. Dean, B. 

 1896.7. 



Elasmobranchii 



In this group the centra (chorda- 

 centra) are formed by the conversion of 

 the chordal sheath into a series of ring- 

 like cartilaginous segments which replace 

 the notochord. The centra may become 

 calcified but true bone is never developed. 



Structure and development of the verte- 

 bral column; composition of the definitive 

 vertebrae, etc. Gadow, H. 1900.1; *Hasse, 

 J. C. 1876.1, 1877.1, 1878.1, 1879.1,.2, 

 1892.2; •Kolliker, R. A. 1860.2,.7, 1864.1; 

 MilUer, J. 1837.1; MilUer, J. & Agassiz, 

 L. 1843.1; Perenyi, J. 1887.1, 1889.1; 

 Rosenberg, E. W. 1884.1; •S6cerov, S. 

 1911.1; Stark, James. 1844.2. 



For fine figures of the vertebral column of 

 various Elasmobranehs see Garman, S. 

 1913.1. 



HOLOCEPHALI 



Centra are not formed in the Holo- 

 cephali. 



Structure of vertebral column in Holo- 

 cephali (Chimwra). Gegenbaur, C. 1898.1;. 

 Hasse, J. C. 1879.1; Howes, G. B. 1902.1; 

 Schultze, C. A. 1818.1. 



Teleostomi 



CHONDROSTEI 

 (Cartilaginous Ganoids) 



" The chorda shows uniform and per- 

 sistent growth throughout life. The 

 skeletogenous layer remains restricted to 

 the outside of the elastica and produces 

 dorsal and ventral arcualia which remain 

 laterally asunder, being there connected 

 by the membrana reuniens only." 



