SUBJECT INDEX — MORPHOLOGICAL SECTION 



613 



Visceral arch theory of origin of jaw. 

 Jaekel, O. 1905.1, 1006.4, 1907.1. 



Labial cartilages of sharks, often con- 

 sidered remnants of pre-mandibular arches. 

 Pollard, H. B. 1895.3. 



Suggestion of former existence of an arch 

 and cin additional visceral cleft between 

 mandibular and hyoid arches. Beard, J. 

 1885.2; Dohrn, A. 1882.2 (vii) ; Wijhe, 

 J. W. 1882.2. 



Existence of skeletal elem,ents between the 

 mandibular and hyoid arches in Lcemargus 

 and Hexanchus. White, P. J. 1895.1. 

 HYOID ARCH 



Anatomy of the hyoid arch in Neocera- 

 todus. Ridewood, W. G. 1894.1. 



Anatomy of the " tongue-bone," being the 

 median basi-hyal element of the second 

 visceral or hyoid arch. Budge, J. (Sphy- 

 rcena) 1848.1; Dohrn, F. A. 1882.2 (vii); 

 Eichwald, C. E. 1833.1 ; Geoffroy-Saint- 

 Hilaire, E. 1817.3, 1832.1. 



For the fleshy tongue, see below Oral 

 cavity under Alimentary canal. 



For the conditions of the suspension of the 

 lower jaw to the hyomandibular or proximal 

 sector of the hyoid arch, see under Skull. 

 See especially -(^Gregory, W. K. . 1904.2. 



Branchial or gill arches 



Development in Selachii. "ArDohrn, F. A. 

 18S2.2 (ix. xi, xii). — Phytogeny. Gaskell, 

 W. H. 1898.1 (iii). — Development. Re- 

 mak, R. 1855.1. 



Structure in — Murcenidoe. Popta, C. 

 M. 1904.1. — Dentex. Vinciguerra, D. 

 1893.4. 



Presence of vestigial sixth and seventh 

 arches, respectively in Xotidamts and 

 Chlamydoselachus. Hawkes, (Mrs.) O. A. 

 1905.1, 1907.1. 



Gill rakers: cartilaginous or bony fila- 

 ments on the inner side of the branchial 

 arches. — Comparative studies on their 

 structure in various fishes. Popta, C. M. 

 1901.2,.3; Troschel, F. H. 1849.2; 



•Zander, E. 1903.2, 1906.1, .2. 



Although forming a straining mechanism 

 in all fishes, in some genera they form an 

 exceptionally close-set branchial sieve. Such 

 structure in — Polyodon. Imms, A. D. 



1904.1. — Rhineodon. Liitken, 0. F. 



1874.2. — Basking shark (Cetorhinus) . 

 Allman, G. J. 1876.1; Socage, J. V. 

 1878.1; Day, F. 1885.3; Hendricks, K. 

 1908.1, 1909.1; Leriche, M. 1908.8; Pa- 

 vesi, P. 1874.1; Steenstrup, J. J. 1873.1, 

 1875.1; Turner, W. 1879.2; Macalister, 

 A. Add. 1879.1. — Mobula. Vaillant, 

 L. L. 1912.1. 



Extrabranchial cartilages of Elasmo- 

 branchs. Foote, E. 1895.1; Filrbringer, 

 M. 1903.2; Ridewood, W. G. 1897.1; 

 White, P. J. 1896.1. 



Far the branchial filaments, see Gills 

 under Respiratory organs. 



For the interbranchial or respiratory 

 muscles, see Cranial and visceral muscles 

 under Myology. 



For the " branchial arch hypothesis of 

 the origin of limbs (Gegenbaur's view), see 

 Phylogenesis of limbs under Evolution. 



Visceral clefts 



Called also pharyngeal, branchial, and 

 gill clefts. 



Development of the visceral clefts. 

 •Dohrn, F. A. 1882.2 (xSciii, xxiv); Mas- 

 terman, A. T. 1898.1; ' Spengel, J. W. 

 1904.1; Vialleton, L. 1906.1. 



Additional references to such develop- 

 ment will be found under Head. 



Presence of seven visceral clefts in shark 

 embryos. Bemmelen, J. F. 1886.1. 



Arrangement, Selache maxima. Jaekel, 

 0, 1890.1. 



For the hyomandibular cleft, i. e., cleft 

 between mandibular and hyoid arches, a 

 functional vestige in fishes when present, 

 see Spiracle under Respiratory organs. 



For Dohrn's theory of the origin of the 

 mouth through the coalescence of a pair of 

 gill clefts see Oral cavity under Alimen- 

 tary canal. 



VISION 



For the organ of vision, see Eye. 



For " color vision," see Color perception 

 under Behavior. 



For the influence of vision on Changes io 

 Coloration, see U7ider Coloration. , 



For the latest and most comprehensive 

 papers on visioii in fishes, see Baglioni, S. 

 1910.1; •Hess, C. 1911.1, 1913.1, Add. 

 1912.1, 1914.1; Tschermak, A. 1915.1. 



Miscellaneous items. Franz, V. 1907.4; 

 Fripp, H. E. 1866.1; Henshall, J. A. 

 1878.1; Jeffries, B. J. 1869.1; Milewski, 

 A. 1915.11; Plateau, F. A. 1866.1, .2; 

 Reinhardt, L. 1902.1; Ward, F. 1908.1; 

 Brunton, J. Add. 1882.1; Edwards, G. 

 Add. 1763.1; Lanik, A. Add. 1914.1; 

 Vigueron, H. Add. 1913.1; Wernicke, O. 

 Add. 1895.1. 



Various researches, chiefly experimental. 



— Binocular vision. Apgar, A. C. 1886.1; 

 •Tschermak, A. 1902.1, 1914.1. — Sub- 

 aqueous vision. Dudgeon, R. E. 1871.1; 

 Wood, R. W. 1906.1, Add. 1906.1. — 

 Vision, deep-sea fishes. Chun, C. 1893.1. 



— Influence of vision on movements, Mus- 

 telus. Parker, G. H. 1910.2. 



Rheotropism considered an optical reflex. 

 Lyon, E. P. 1905.1, 1909.1. 



For effects of excision of eye upon colora- 

 tion, see under Coloration. See especially 

 Buijtendijk, F. J. 1911.1; Lubach, D. 

 1864.2; Pouchet, G. 1877.1, 1879.1. 



Accommodation in vision. In fishes 

 accommodation is accomplished through the 

 pulling inward and backward or retinal- 

 ward of the lens by the muscle named by 

 Beer, Musculus retractor lentis, which is 

 formed by the Processus falciformis, a 

 median prolongation of the choroid and its 

 expanded outer portion, the Campanula 

 Halleri. 



General accounts, including physiological 

 researches. •Beer, T. 1894.1, 1898.1; 

 Brass, A. 1881.1; Deichsel, G. 1908.1; 

 Franz, V. 1905.1, 1910.3; Pflugk, A. 

 1911.1; •Sicherer,0. 1911.1; •Hess, C. 

 Add. 1912.1. 



