680 



AMERICAN MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY 



Ferrante Imperato, Mus., 

 518 



Fertility, 505, 506 



Fertilization, 410, 595, 596; 

 self-fertilization, 503 ; 

 cross-fertilization, 505, 

 582; artificial fertiliza- 

 tion, 410, 555 — see also 

 Spermatozoa 



Fertilizer, 465 



Fibrous tissues, 587, 588 



Fierasfer, 572, 586, 609, 

 G43; anatomy, 369; sym- 

 biosis, 395; larvae — see 

 Encheliophis, 572, 643 



Fierasferidae, 643 



Fighting fish — see Betta 



Figures — see Iconography 



Fiji Is., 456, 558; fishing, 

 490 



Filaria (parasites), 546 



Filefishes — see Balistidee 



Filter, 554 



Filum terminale, 596 



Fin-frills, 603 



Fin-rays, 458 ; taxonomic 

 value, 599; effect of tem- 

 perature on, 601; varia- 

 tion, 610 



Fin spines, 401, 402, 417, 

 457, 458, 580, 586; ich- 

 thyodorulites, 459; use in 

 locomotion, 512; poison- 

 ous, 573; stridulation, 

 594 



Fingerlings, 654, 564 



Finke R., 453 



Finkenwarder I., 462 



Finland, 506, 516, 554; 

 fauna, 451; fisheries, 462, 

 470, 471, 472, 473, 474, 

 486, 487; pisciculture, 

 470, 562, 568; museums, 

 518; fishes introduced, 

 556, 557, 559 



Finland, Gulf of, 450, 451 



Finmarken, 449 



Fins, 391, 417, 457 f., 520; 

 forming adhesive disk, 

 362; coloration, 393; lat- 

 eral fin-fold, 416, 417; 

 paired fins, 416, 417, 418, 

 457, 459, 460; azygos 

 fins, 417; vertical fins, 

 417, 582, 583; adipose 

 fins, 458; "pre-anal" fin, 

 459; relation to equilib- 

 rium, 602; as contact 

 organs, 610; locomotion 

 by, 512; muscles, 521 

 parasites of, 543, 544 

 regeneration, 575; as in- 

 tromittent organs, 582 

 respiratory functions 

 583; as tactile organs 

 599; abnormal, 603; as 

 urinogenital organs, 606 

 — anal, 459, 512, 586 

 587, 603, 606; caudal 

 391, 459, 460, 512, 575 

 581, 584, 588, 601, 603 

 dorsal, 362, 459, 52li 



523, 599, 603; median, 

 402, 416, 457, 459, 512; 

 pectoral, 412, 417 f. 

 (primitive), 460, 461, 512, 

 523, 587, 603; pelvic, 

 362, 393, 460, 461, 578, 

 584, 603 



Finspong, 568 



Fires, 489 



Fischereibuch Kaiser Maxi- 

 milians I, 462 



"Fish-eaters^" 465 



Fish farming, Scotland, 

 565; France, 566; Italy, 

 567 



Fish-measuring board, 463 



Fish scrap, 465 



Fisheries, 462 f.; influence 

 of environment, 405 ; 

 Fisheries Dispute, 468 ; 

 Fisheries Museum, Can- 

 ada, 519; depletion by 

 seals, 559; influence of 

 climate, 602 



Fishermen, economic con- 

 ditions and education, 

 462; legislation, 467; fes- 

 tivals, 605 



Fishery Board for Scotland, 

 469, 482 



"Fishhawk," 477, 562, 563 



Fishing-frog — see Lophius 



Fishing Methods, 371, 

 463, 488, 491, 508; his- 

 torical, 379, 462, 504, 505 



Fishways, 664, 569 



Fistularia, 392, 572 



Fistulariidse, 589 



Fitzroy R., 453 



Fiizroyia, 376 



Flatfishes — see Pleuronec- 

 tidae 



" Fleckenkrankheit," 550 



Flesh, 389, 491; color, 388; 

 parasites of, 404; poison- 

 ous, 573, 674 



Fletcher Lake, 427 



Flies, artificial, 371, 381, 

 488 



Flies as food, 555 



Flight — see Flying Fishes 



Flodevig, 561, 568 



Flood, 605 



Florence, 518 



Flores I., 456 



Florida, 392, 516, 601; 

 fauna, 426, 427; fisheries, 

 469, 473, 478; paleon- 

 tology, 542; pisciculture, 

 562, 563, 569 



Florissant formation, 540 



Flounder — see Pleuronec- 

 tes flesus 



Flying Fishes, 491, 645; 

 in aquaria, 377, 378; fins, 

 461; biblical refs., 605; 

 fresh-water flying-fish — 

 see Pantodon 



Flying Gurnard — see Dac- 

 tylopterus 



Foetal membranes, 581 



Fohnsdorf, 541 



Folk-lore — see Mythology 



Folkstone, 537 



Follicular membranes, 528 



Fontanelles, 592 



Food fishes, 403, 465, 469; 

 of Arctic, 420; African, 

 421; American, 424, 429; 

 British Isles, 441; North 

 Sea, 449, 462; herring, 

 471; botargo, 472; 

 salmon, 473 ; sardine, 

 473, 474; caviar, 474; 

 migrations, 515 



Food of fishes, 362, 365, 

 393, 403, 491-493, 504, 

 549, 555, 559, 564, 606; 

 Putter's theory, 551 ; food 

 of embryos, 581 



Foramina, 590 



Fore-brain — see Telen- 

 cephalon, 386 



Foreign Bodies, 493 



Forest Bed series, 542 



Form of Fishes, 493, 494; 

 asymmetry, 654 



Formosa I., 438 



Fornix conjunctivae, 419 



Fort Benton, 428 



Fort Bidwell, 426 



Fort Riley, 427 



Fort Thomas, 426 



Fort Union, 536 



Fort Washington, 569 



Forth, Firth of, 443 



Fossil fishes, 362, 399, 491, 

 504, 508, 529 f., 662-665; 

 brain casts, 388; deep- 

 sea, 395; dentition, 397, 

 665; classification, 399, 

 599 ; dermal skeleton, 

 399; scales, 399, 401; 

 food of, 492; plates, 608; 

 museum specimens, 517- 

 519; pectoral girdle, 550; 

 spinal cord, 596; study 

 methods, 601 — see also 

 Palaeontology, 529 f . 



Four-eyed fish — see Ana- 

 bleps 



Fovea centralis, 419 



Fox Shark — see Alopias 



France, 463, 464, 493, 607, 

 516, 528, 548, 549, 576, 

 578; fauna, 405, 444-446; 

 fisheries, 462, 467, 470, 

 472, 473, 474, 482, 483, 

 484, 554; markets, 468; 

 museums, 518; 'palaeon- 

 tologv, 632, 633, 534, 

 536, 536, 537, 639, 640, 

 541, 542; pisciculture, 

 664, 562, 563, 564, 565, 

 566, 567; fishes intro- 

 duced, 556, 557, 558, 659, 

 561; fish-farming, 566; 

 plankton surveys, 571, 

 572 ; vernacular names, 

 600 



Frankfort- a. -M., 540 



Freemantle, 453 



Freezing, effects of, 602 



French Guiana, 436 



