70 VERTEBRATES. 



than the bull-dog, but not so deep in the chest, and his head is 

 larg;e compared with his general form. 



The Bull-Dog. — The round, thick head, turned-up nose, 

 and thick and pendulous lips of this dog are familiar to all, while 

 his ferocity makes him in the highest degree dangerous. In gene- 

 ral he makes a silent although ferocious attack, and the persisting 

 powers of his teeth and jaws enable him to keep his hold against 

 •my but the greatest efforts, so that the utmost mischief is likely to 

 ensue as well to the innocent visitor of his domicile as the ferocious 

 intruder. The bull-dog is scarcely capable of any education, and 

 is fitted for nothing but ferocity and combat. 



The name of this dog is derived from his being too often 

 employed, until a few years ago, in baiting the bull. It was prac- 

 tised by the low and dissolute in many parts of the country. Dogs 

 were bred and *rained for the purpose ; and, while many of them 

 were injured or destroyed, the head of the bull was lacerated in 

 the most barbarous manner. Nothing can exceed the fury with 

 which the bull-dog rushed on his foe, and the obstinacy with which 

 he maintained his hold. He fastened upon the lip, the muzzle, or 

 the eye, and there he hung in spite of every effort of the bull to 

 free himself from his antagonist. 



The Bull-Tereier. — This dog is a cross between the bull 

 dog and the terrier, and is generally superior, both in appearance 

 and value, to either of its progenitors. A second cross consider- 

 ably lessens the underhanging of the lower jaw, and a third en- 

 tirely removes it, retaining the spirit and determination of the 

 animal. It forms a steadier friendship than either of them, and 

 the principal objection to it is its love of wanton mischief, and the 

 dangerous irascibility which it occasionally exhibits. 



The Terrier. — The forehead is convex ; the eye promi- 

 nent; the muzzle pointed; the tail thin and arched; the fur short- 

 the ears of moderate size, half erect, and usually of a deep black 

 color, with a yellow spot over the eyes. It is an exceedingly useful 

 animal ; but not so indispensable an accompaniment to a pack of 

 foxhounds as it used to be accounted. The coat of the terrier 

 may be either smooth or rough ; the smooth-haired ones are moro 



