804 LXV. COMPOSlTiG. [Calotis. 



13. C hispidula (plant rough, hairy), F. r. M. in Trans. Vict. Inst. 1885, 

 130; Benth. Fl. Austr. iii. 506. A hispid annual with procumbent or rarely 

 erect branching stems of 3 to 6in. Lower and radical leaves petiolate, obovate 

 spathulate or cuneate, upper ones oblong lanceolate, toothed towards the end or 

 entire. Peduncle short. Involucral bracts ovate-lanceolate or oblong, hispid at 

 almost muricate. Ray-florets few and very small, the ligula scarcely exceeding 

 the pappus ; disk-florets numerous, also small and all fertile. Fruiting-heads 3 

 to 4 lines diameter. Achenes quite similar in the ray and in the disk, flattened 

 with thick obtuse margins, slightly hispid; pappus , of about 4 to 6 rigid 

 divaricate more or less barbed unequal bristles, alternating with as many much 

 shorter bristles or scales either subulate and entire or palmately b-fid or some- 

 times spathulate, and all hispid.-;— C^n-oZonja Mspidulum, F. v. M. in Linnsea, 

 XXV. 401 ; Sender in Linntea, xxv. 473. 



Hab ; Cooper's Creek and otlier inland localities. 



14. OLEARIA, Moenoh. 

 (Some species supposed to have some resemblance to the Olive.) 

 (Eurybia, Cass.; Steetzia, Sond.) 

 Involucres from broadly hemispherical to narrow-ovate, the bracts imbricate 

 in several rows, the margins' more or less dry or scarious, without herbaceous 

 tips. Beoeptacle pitted, the borders of the pits often denticulate, but without 

 scales, Florets of the ray female in a single row or fewer than those of the 

 disk, usually ligulate, spreading, very rarely slender and filiform or deficient. 

 Disk-florets numerous or few, hermaphrodite, tubular, gradually tapering to the 

 base in most species of the first two sections, more abruptly contracted in. some 

 others; usually 5-lobed. Anthers often acute at the base or with minute tails, 

 rarely obtuse. Style-lobes flattened with short obtuse or rarely lanceolate 

 appendages, papillose on the back. Achenes striate, terete or slightly compressted. 

 Pappus of numerous, usually unequal, capillary bristles. — Shrubs, undershrubs, 

 or very rarely herbs. Leaves alternate or rarely opposite. Heads solitary, 

 corymbose or paniculate, terminal but sometimes appearing axillary from the 

 shortness of, the flowering branches. Eay-florets white or blue. Disk-florets 

 yellow or rarely purplish or even blue; The indumentum of the under side of the 

 leaves is usually more or less present also on the branches and inflorescence. 



The genus is limited to Australasia. The Australian species are all endemic. It ig, however, 

 very closely allied to the exten^ve genus Aster, widely diffused over the temperate regions of the 

 northern hemisphere, especially in America, not separated indeed from Olearia by any one 

 definite character, and F. v. A$uelier has, in his later works, united the whole and several others 

 to Aster. It appears to tae, however, that independently of the convenience of retaining Olearia 

 for the Australasian species, thiere is little risk of it being confounded with the northern genus. 

 The habit of most species is very different. Where the achenes are the same or nearly so (as in 

 the North American Biotias, which have the achenes as little compressed as in a few Australian 

 species), the foliaceous-tipped involucral bracts of the former are a ready distinction. Some 

 Australian species again are separated from all the American ones by their styles, others by their 

 anthers, and most of them by the indumentum. There appear to be indeed better grounds for 

 maintaining Olearia as distinct from Aster than for retaining Engeron, which passes so gradually 

 into it, and that again into Conyza, and if all these were united into one, we should have a 

 group quite unmanageable without dividing it into sections corresponding to the present genera, 

 which would be in fact retaining the present arrangement, but with all the evils consequent on 

 the nominal change. 



That Olearia and Eurybia are inseparable even as sections has been shown by J. D. 

 Hooker, Archer, and others, and I follow J. D. Hooker in adopting th« former as the older name. 

 Sehultz-Bipontinus, under the idea that the genus is the Shawia of Forster, adopts the latter 

 name, and accordingly, in' the' " Pollichia," gives to all published species, good or bad, new 

 names, as Shawias. This is, however, a mistake. Forster considered the true Olearias as 

 Asters, and founded Shawia on a plant characterised specially by solitary florets. It proved 



