HANGUL OR KASHMIR STAG 37 



being dirty white, with a blackish line on the inner sides of the thighs, 

 the upper side of the tail black, and the lips, chin, and inner surface of 

 the ears white or whitish. In the fawns the spotting is stated to 

 remain much longer than in the red deer. In the pairing season the 

 old stags squeal like a wapiti, instead of roaring in the red deer fashion. 



The typical hangul inhabits the forest districts of the north side 

 of the vale of Kashmir and some of the neighbouring valleys, at 

 elevations ranging from 9000 to 12,000 feet in summer, but descending 

 to about 5000 feet in winter. In this race (C cashmirianus typicus) 

 the terminal or fifth tines of the antlers are so much bent inwards as 

 to be separated by a comparatively small interval. In the forests of 

 the Yarkand river the species is represented by a second local race 

 (C. cashmirianus yarcandensis), in which the antlers are less spreading, 

 with their terminal tines less inclined inwards, and therefore more 

 widely separated. The trez tine in this race is typically larger and 

 longer than either of the lower ones, the brow and bez, in this respect 

 and in the closer proximity of the brow and bez tines more resembling 

 the Caspian than the Kashmir Stag. The height at the shoulder 

 varies from about 4 feet to 4 feet 4 inches ; the average weight being 

 about 450 lbs. 



This deer, although first discovered by the late Dr. H. Falconer in 

 the Kashmir valley, was named by Dr. , G. R. Gray of the British 

 Museum. The finest pair of antlers of which Mr. A. O. Hume has 

 any record were given by Raja Gulab Sing to Colonel King, then 

 commanding the 14th Dragoons. On his death they passed to 

 Captain, afterwards, I think. Colonel, Prettyjohn of the same regiment. 

 What became of these antlers Mr. Hume was never able to ascertain, 

 but he measured them at Meerut in 1852 or 1853, and the record 

 stands, R. 52 L. 53^, measured along the curve inside. Girth 10 inches 

 at burr, and 7 half-way between bez and trez tines. They were a very 

 wide-branching, symmetrical pair. 



J , Circum- 



-!r-b«we?nTip„'oWides. p„i„,,. Locality. Owner. 



. The late Dr. Leith Adams. 



Bombay Natural History Society's 



Museum. 

 Sir Edmund G. Loder, Bart. 



Duke of Wellington. 



Major A. E. Ward. 

 . Hume Collection, British Museum. 

 . Sir Victor Brooke's Collection. 



Col. R. Pole-Carew, C.B. 



