CHAPTER XIX 

 i86s 



The progress of the American civil war suggested to 

 Huxley in 1865 the text for an article, " Emancipation, 

 Black and White," the emancipation of the negro in Amer- 

 ica and the emancipation of women in England, which ap- 

 peared in the Reader of May 20 (Coll. Ess. iii. 66). His main 

 argument for the emancipation of the negro was that al- 

 ready given in his letter to his sister (p. 272) ; namely, that 

 in accordance with the moral law that no human being can 

 arbitrarily dominate over another without grievous damage 

 to his own nature, the master will benefit by freedom more 

 than the freed-man. And just as the negro will never take 

 the highest places in civilisation yet need not to be confined 

 to the lowest, so, he argues, it will be with women. " Na- 

 ture's old salique law will never be repealed, and no change 

 of dynasty will be effected," although " whatever argument 

 justifies a given education for all boys justifies its applica- 

 tion to girls as well." 



With this may be compared his letter to the Times of 

 July 8, 1874 (Chapter XXVH). 



No scientific monographs were published in 1865 by 

 Huxley, but his lectures of the previous winter to working- 

 men on " The Various Races of Mankind " are an indication 

 of his continued interest in Ethnology, which, set going, as 

 has been said, by the promise to revise the woodcuts for 

 Lyell's book, found expression in such papers as the 

 " Human Remains in the Shell Mounds," 1863 ; the 

 "Neanderthal Remains" of 1864; the "Methods and 

 Results of Ethnology" of 1865; his Fullerian Lectures of 



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