i376 CONTROVERSY WITH LORD SHAFTESBURY 461 



tologT.', the organs and tissues of the commonest domestic ani- 

 mals afford ample materials. The principal points in the 

 structure and mechanism of the heart, the lungs, the kidneys, 

 or the eye of man may be perfectly illustrated by the correspond- 

 ing parts of a sheep ; while the phenomena of the circulation, 

 many of the most important properties of living tissues are 

 better shown by the common frog than by an)- of the higher 

 animals." 



If Lord Shaftesbury had the slightest theoretical or practical 

 acquaintance with the subject about which he is so anxious to 

 legislate, he would know that physiological anatomy is not ex- 

 actly the same thing as experimental physiology ; and he would 

 be aware that the recommendations of the paragraph I have 

 quoted might be fully carried into effect without the perform- 

 ance of even a solitary " vivisection." The assertion that I have 

 ever suggested or desired the introduction of vivisection into 

 the teaching of elementary physiology in schools, is, I repeat, 

 contrary to fact. 



On the next day (May 27) appeared a reply from Lord 

 Shaftesbury, in which his entire good faith is equally con- 

 spicuous with his misapprehension of the subject. 



Lord Shaftesbury's Reply 



The letter from Professor Huxley in the Times of this morn- 

 ing demands an immediate reply. 



The object that I supposed the learned professor had in view 

 was gathered from the prefaces to the several editions of his 

 work on Elementary Physiology. 



The preface to the first edition states that " the following 

 lessons in elementary physiology are, primarily, intended to 

 serve the purpose of a text-book for teachers and learners in 

 boys' and girls' schools." 



It was published, therefore, as a manual for the young, as 

 well as the old. 



Xow, any reader of the preface to the first edition would 

 have come to the conclusion that teachers and learners could 

 acquire something solid, and worth having, from the text-book 

 before them. But the preface to the second edition nearly 

 destroys that expectation. Here is the passage : — " It will be 

 well for those who attempt to study elementary physiology to 

 bear in mind the important truth that the knowledge of science 



