360 VEETEBRATE ANIMALS. 



and much ■wrinkled. The Goi-illa is in most respects like the Chim- 

 panzee, but is much larger, attaining a height of fully five feet. It 

 is a native of Lower Guinea and Equatorial Africa, and is enor- 

 mously strong and very ferocious. It is now generally looked upon 

 as the highest of the Anthropoid Apes. 



Order XVII. Bimaxa. 



In this order stands Man alone, and little, therefore, needs to 

 be said on this head. Man is distinguished zoologically from all 

 other Mammals by his habitually erect posture and progression 

 upon two legs. The lower limbs are exclusively devoted to progres- 

 sion and to supporting the weight of the body. The fore-limbs are 

 shorter than the legs, and have nothing to do with jirogression. The 

 thumb can be opposed to the other fingers, and the hands are there- 

 fore prehensile. The fingers and toes are furnished with nails ; but 

 the innermost digit of the foot (the great toe) is not capable of 

 being opposed to the other toes, so that the foot is iiseless as a 

 grasping organ. The foot is broad and plantigrade, the whole sole 

 being applied to the ground in walking. 



The teeth are thirty-two in number, and they form a nearly even 

 and uninterrupted series, without any gap or interval. The dental 

 formula is — 



■ i—-2 1—1 2—2 .3—3 „, 



I - ; c ; -pm — ; in =.32. 



2—2 ' 1—1 ' ^ 2—2 ' 3—3 



The brain is more largely developed, and more richly furnished 

 with large and deep foldings or convolutions, than is the case in any 

 other jMammal. Lastly, Man is the only terrestrial Mammal in 

 which the body is not furnished with a general covering of hair. 



The purely a luttomiccd distinctions between Man and the other 

 Mammals are thus seen to be not very striking, and of themselves 

 they would hardly entitle Man to the position of forming a distinct 

 order in the class Mammalia. When, however, we take into account 

 the vast mentttl differences, both intellectual and moral, between 

 Man and the highest of the brutes, and when we reflect that this 

 mental difference must have some physical correspondence, it be- 

 comes a question whether the group Bmiana should not have the 

 value of a distinct sub-kingdom, whilst there can be little hesitation 

 in giving jNIau at least a class to himself. 



In the words of Dr Pritchard, " the sentiments, feelings, sympa- 

 thies, internal consciousness, and mind, and the habitudes of mind 

 and action thence resulting, are the real and essential characteristics 

 of humanity." 



