GLOSSARY. 375 



Pupa (Lat. a doll). The state of the nietamorpliosis of an insect immediately 

 preceding its appearance in a perfect condition. In this state the insect is 

 very olten motionless, and is often called a " chrysalis." 



Pylorus (Gr. puloros, a gatekeeper). The valvular aperture hetween the 

 stomach and the commencement of the intestine. 



QUADRUMANA (Lat. quatimr, four; mamis, hand). The order of Mammalia 



comprising the Monkeys, Baboons, Lemurs, &c. 

 QUADRUMANOUS. Four-handed. 



Radiata (Lat. TadAus, a ray). Formerly applied to a large number of animals 

 which are now placed in separate sub-kingdoms (e.y., the Calenterata, Ech- 

 inodermata. Infusoria, ha. 



Radiolaria (Lat. radius, a ray). An order of Rkiznpoda. 



R.\Dius. The innermost. of the two bones of the fore-arm of the higher Verte- 

 brates. It carries the thumb, orpoUex, and corresponds with the tibia of 

 the'hind-limb. 



Raptorks (Lat. rapto, I plunder). The order of the Birds of Prey. 



Raptorial. Applied to animals which live by preying upon other animals. 



Rasores (Lat. rado, I scrape or scratch). The order of the Scratching Birds 

 (Fowls, Pigeons, &c.) 



Ratit;e (Lat. rates, a raft). Applied by Huxley to the Cursorial Birds, which 

 do not fly, and have a raft-like sternum without any median keel. 



Reptilia (Lat. repto, I crawl). The class of the Vertebrata comprising the 

 Tortoises, Serpents, Lizards, Crocodiles, &c. 



Reticdlum (Lat. a net). The second stomach of the Ruminants. 



Rhizopoda (Gr. rhiza, a root ; podes, feet). The division of Protozoa compris- 

 ing all those which are capable of emitting pseudopodia. 



Rodentia (Lat. rodo, I gnaw). An order of the Mam/malia. Often called 

 Glires (Lat. glis, a dormouse). 



RoTiFERA (Lat. rota, a wheel ; fero, I carry). A class of the Scolecida com- 

 prising the so-called "Wheel-animalcules." 



RUGOSA (Lat. rugosus, wrinkled). An extinct order of Corals. 



Rumen (Lat. the throat). The first stomach or "paunch " of Ruminants. 



RuMiNANTiA (Lat. ruminor, I chew the cud). A group of the Hoofed Mam- 

 malia. 



Sacrum. The vertebrae which unite with the haunch-bones to form the pelvis. 

 Sarcode (Gr. sarx, flesh ; eidos, form). The protoplasmic substance of which 



the bodies of the Protozoa are composed. 

 Sarcoids. Tiie separate amceba-like particles which collectively make up the 



' ' flesh " of a Sponge. 

 Sauropsida (Gr. saura, lizard ; opsis, appearance). The name given by Huxley 



to the two classes of the Reptiles and Birds collectively. 

 Saueopterygia (Gr. saura, a lizard ; pterux, a wing). An extinct order of 



Reptiles. 

 SauroRjE (Gr. saura, a lizard ; oura, tail). The order of Birds comprising 



only the extinct Arcliceoptenjx. 

 Scansoees (Lat. scando, I climb). The order of the Climbing Birds (Parrots, 



Woodpeckers, &c.) 

 Scapula. The shoulder-blade of Vertebrata. 

 Sclerobasic (Gr, sMeros, hard ; basis, pedestal). The form of coral which 



constitutes a central axis, surrounded by the soft parts of the animal (e.g.. 



Red Coral). 

 Sclerodermic. Applied to those corals which are secreted within the body 



of the polypes which produce them. 

 Scolecida (Gr. skolex, worm). A division of the Annulosa. 

 Scuta (Lat. scutum,, a shield). Applied to the shield-like integumentary 



plates developed in many Reptiles. 

 Septa. Partitions. 

 Serpentiporm. Resembling a serpent in shape. 



