18 MARKET DAIRYING 
3. The richness of milk is also influenced by the length 
of time that elapses between the milkings. In general, 
the shorter the time between the milkings the richer the 
milk. This, no doubt, in a large measure accounts for 
the differences we often find in the richness of morning’s 
and night’s milk. Sometimes the morning’s milk is the 
richer, at other times the evening’s, depending largely 
upon the time of day the cows are milked. Milk can not, 
however, be permanently enriched by milking three times 
instead of twice a day. 
4. Unusual excitement of any kind reduces the quality 
of milk. The person who abuses cows by dogs, milk 
stools, or boisterousness, pays dearly for it in a reduction 
of both the quality and the quantity of milk produced. 
5. Starvation also seriously affects both the quality 
and the quantity of milk. It has been repeatedly shown, in 
this country and in Europe, that under-feeding to any 
great extent results in the production of milk poor in fat. 
6. Sudden changes of feed may slightly affect the 
richness of milk, but only temporarily. 
So long as cows are fed a full ration, it is not possible 
to change the richness of milk permanently, no matter 
what the character of feed composing the ration. 
7. Irregularities of feeding and milking, exposure to 
heat, cold, rain, and flies, tend to reduce both the quantity 
and the quality of milk produced, 
