SANITARY MILK PRCDUCTION 33 
milk should be made of good tin, with as few seams as 
possible. Wherever seams occur, they should be flushed 
with solder. Unflushed seams are difficult to clean, and, 
as a rule, afford good breeding places for bacteria. Fig. 
1 illustrates the character of the unflushed seam; Fig. 2 
shows a flushed seam, which fully illustrates its value. 
Fig. 3 illustrates a modern sanitary milk pail. The 
value of a partially closed pail is evident from the re- 
duced opening, which serves to keep out many of the 
micro-organisms that otherwise drop into the pail during 
Fig. 3. Sanitary Milk Pail. 
milking. While such a pail is somewhat more difficult 
to clean than the ordinary open pail, it is believed that 
the reduced contamination during milking far outweighs 
this disadvantage. 
All utensils used in the handling of milk should be as 
nearly sterile as possible. A very desirable method of 
cleaning them is as follows: 
First, rinse with warm or cold water. Second, scrub 
