SANITARY. MILK PRODUCTION 37 
for this rich development of germs is found in the favor- 
able conditions provided by the milk in the milk-ducts of 
the teats, to which the bacteria find ready access. 
Flies. Flies not only constitute a prolific but also a 
dangerous source of milk contamination. ‘These pests 
visit places of the worst description and their presence 
in a dairy suggests a disregard for cleanliness. Of 414 
flies examined by the Bacteriologist of the Connecticut 
Station, the average number of bacteria carried per fly 
was one and a quartcr millions. Flies should be rigidly 
excluded from all places where they are apt to come in 
contact with the milk. 
Experimental Data. To show to what extent the 
bacterial content of milk may be reduced by adopting 
the precautions suggested in the foregoing pages, a few 
experimental data are herewith presented. 
In Bulletin No. 42 of the Storrs (Conn.) Experiment 
Station, Stocking reports the following: 
1. When the cows were milked before feeding the 
number of bacteria per c. c. was 1,233; when milked im- 
mediately after feeding, the number of bacteria was 3,656, 
or three times as many. 
2. When the udder and flanks of the cows were wiped 
with a damp cloth, the number of bacteria per c. c. was 
716; when not wiped the number was 7,058, or fen times 
as great. 
3. When the cows were not brushed just before milk- 
ing the number of bacteria per c. c. was 1,207; when 
brushed just before milking, the number was 2,286, or 
nearly fwice as great. 
4. When students who had studied the production of 
clean milk did the milking, the number of bacteria per 
¢. €& was 914; when the milking was done by regular 
