CHAPTER VII. 
SAMPLING AND TESTING CREAM. 
CREAM SAMPLING AND SAMPLERS. 
Taking an Aliquot Sample. This means that the 
amount of cream taken for the composite test jar, must 
always be proportional to the amount of cream furnished. 
If cream always had the same richness, or if always the 
same amount were furnished, the dipper method of 
sampling would give satisfactory results, provided the 
cream was thoroughly mixed before sampling. But since 
we rarely find two batches of cream alike, either in quan- 
tity or quality, the necessity of taking an aliquot sample 
becomes apparent. This may be made perfectly plain by 
the following illustration: 
Feb. 1 patron X furnishes 50 lbs. of 20% cream. 
Feb. 2 patron X furnishes 30 lbs. of 30% cream. 
Feb. 3 patron X furnishes 20 lbs. of 40% cream. 
Dividing the total butterfat furnished during the three 
days by the total pounds of cream we get 27, which repre- 
sents the correct average test. This test would be secured 
by taking aliquot samples. The test by the dipper method 
would equal the sum of the three tests divided by three. 
Thus 20-+30-++-40+3==30, the average test by the dipper 
method, differing from the correct average test by 3%. 
By the dipper method the same amount of cream is taken 
for a sample, regardless of the amount of cream fur- 
nished. 
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