CHAPTER XXXX. 
THE BOILER AND ITS MANAGEMENT. 
A boiler is indispensible in a well equipped dairy. The 
steam which it provides is important, not only in securing 
hot water and in sterilizing, but also in furnishing power. 
A steam engine will be found useful in most dairies for 
pumping water, separating milk, churning and freezing 
cream, and by extending the shaft through one side of 
the building its usefulness may be extended to sawing 
wood, washing clothes, running the grindstone, etc. 
For the smaller dairies the upright form of boiler will 
be found the most satisfactory. But for dairies having 
upwards of fifty cows, the horizontal form of fire-tube 
boiler should be used. The latter style is laid in brick. 
The grates are supported upon brickwork and heat and 
smoke pass along the underside of the boiler toward 
the rear and return through the fire-tubes. To prevent 
radiation of heat the brick work must be built up to 
cover the entire boiler. The fire box must be constructed 
of the best fire brick. 
The various boiler accessories will be described in the 
following paragraphs: 
Glass Gauge. This is a glass tube attached to the 
side of the boiler to indicate the height of the water in 
it. It is so attached that its lowest point is about two 
inches above the highest part of the fire line of the boiler, 
its entire length being usually about fifteen inches. The 
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