332 MARKET DAIRYING 
7. The firing should be gradual until all parts of the 
boiler have been heated. 
8. Never allow any part of the grate bars to become 
uncovered during firing. 
g. Frequently clean the ash pit to prevent overheating 
of grates from the hot cinders underneath. 
10. The coals upon the grates should not be larger 
than a man’s fist. , 
11. Remember that firing up a boiler rapidly is apt to 
cause leaks. 
12. Remember that too little water in the boiler causes 
leaks and explosions. 
13. Remember that soot and ashes on heating surfaces 
always waste fuel. 
14. When fire is drawn, close dampers and doors of 
furnace and ash pit. 
15. Never open or close valves when the water is too 
low in the boiler, but immediately bank the fire with ashes 
or earth. Opening the safety valve at such a time will 
throw the water from the heated surfaces, resulting in 
overheating and possibly in explosions. 
16. Use the poker as little as possible in firing. 
17. Keep the grate bars free from “‘clinkers.” 
18. When the steam pressure goes too high, start the 
pump, open the doors of the furnace and close the ash 
pit. 
19. A steady and even fire saves fuel. 
GENERAL CARE OF BOILER. 
1. Always close the steam and water valves of the 
glass gauge when you leave the building for half an 
hour or more. 
