220 ANIMAL COLOEATION. 



illustrations of mimicry as defined by Mr. Wallace, and of less 

 marked resemblances. 



In North America there are several species of moths belong- 

 ing to the genus Gatocala (which includes the rare " Clifden 

 Nonpareil," as well as the Red and Crimson Underwings), 

 Catocala linelea is a species which has yellow under wings 

 with no second black bar, such as is common in the family ; 

 this species distinctly recalls the moths belonging to the genus 

 Tripkcena—Vae^ " Yellow Underwings." So also do Catocala, 

 arnica, from Florida, and other species. Some of them look like 

 the " Narrow-bordered Yellow Underwings " {e.g., T. orbona), 

 and others like the Broad-bordered species {2\ fimbria, etc.). 

 It is evident, therefore, that among Lepidoptera we have a series 

 of resemblances closer and more distant between forms that are 

 apparently not very nearly allied. Some of these resemblances 

 — for instance, that between the " Merveil du Jour " and the 

 " Scarce Merveil du Jour " — are fully as striking as those 

 between forms that are quoted as instances of true mimicry ; 

 but they have not been referred to by the advocates of Bates^ 

 theory of mimicry. The fact that such colour resemblances do 

 occur between two forms, to neither of which can they be for 

 obvious reasons advantageous, must be borne in mind when 

 considering the theory of mimicry. 



I have referred elsewhere (p. 46) to resemblances between 

 insects coming from different countries, as evidence in favour 

 of similar environments producing similar effects. Form and 

 colour resemblances of this kind are, however, not confined 

 to Lepidoptera or to insects. 



These instances of close resemblances between animals that 

 do not inhabit the same country — so close that, did they in- 

 habit the same country, they would be put down as examples 

 of mimicrj' — are very numerous. Dr. Seitz mentions a Sesiid 



