2 The Principles of Fruit-growing 



is not the faxilt of the horticulturist, for the botanists 

 have given a special or technical meaning to a common- 

 language word. The word belongs primarily to general 

 literature and horticulture, and if the botanist desires 

 to impress it into other service, he must be prepared to 

 accept the confusion that arises. 



The "fruit" of the pomologist is not defined in terms 

 of botanical structure. It may be a ripened pericarp (or 

 ovary), as in the currant, gooseberry, cranberry, grape, 

 plum, peach, orange, olive; an ovary or pericarp im- 

 mersed in a receptacle, as the pomes, comprising apples, 

 pears, quinces; a greatly enlarged fleshy receptacle bear- 

 ing achenes, as the strawberry; an aggregation of peri- 

 carps, as in the raspberry, or combined with the recep- 

 tacle, as in the blackberry; an aggregation of thickened 

 flowers and flower-parts, as in the mulberry and 

 pineapple; a nut inclosed in a husk, as in hazel and 

 chestnut. 



Among fruit-growers, several large classes of fruits 

 are recognized, as stone-fruits, pome-fruits, citrous 

 fruits, berries, grapes, and nuts; or the division may be 

 orchard- or tree-fruits, grapes, small-fruits or berries. 

 None of these classifications is inclusive or exact; and it 

 would not be profitable to enlarge on the discussion here. 



INVENTORY OF FBtTITS 



Pomological fruits may be roughly classified under 

 four heads from the cultural point of view, — tree-fruits, 

 vine-fruits, small-fruits, and herb-like fruits. The follow- 

 ing is an inventory of the staple fruits of the United States 

 and Canada, and of many of those lesser known species 

 which, having been tried in this territory, either give 



