Rules for Spraying 325 



fungi may be confidently expected, and it is the part of 

 wisdom to insure against it. 



3. Spraying is of some value every year, on apples, 

 pears, plums, quinces, grapes and various other fruits. — 

 Even in years of great immunity, nearly all sprayed 

 orchards carry a better foliage than those untreated. So, 

 wholly aside from the idea of insuring against risk, it is 

 advisable to spray for those insects that are more or less 

 abundant every year. Some insects and diseases appear 

 late in the season, so that the spray may be needed at 

 some epoch in the season. 



4. Spray thoroughly, or not at all. — Much of the 

 spraying is little more than a waste of time and material. 

 Squirting a few quarts of water at a tree as one hurries 

 past it, is not spraying. A tree is thoroughly and honestly 

 sprayed when it is wet all over, on all the branches and on 

 both sides of all the leaves. An insect or a fungus is not 

 killed until the poison is placed where the pest is. It is 

 not frightened. Bugs do not search for the poison, in 

 order that they may accommodate the orchardist. The 

 one spot not sprayed may be the very place where a bud- 

 moth is established. 



5. Prepare in winter for next year's work. — Secure 

 nozzles and pumps, and repair the tanks and wagons. It 

 is especially important that the wagons be handy, and 

 that the equipment be large enough and strong enough to 

 do the work quickly. A break-down in spraying time is 

 likely to be a serious matter. Pumps should be cleaned 

 inside and out, repacked if necessary, oiled and com- 

 pletely repaired.- If power is used, the engine should be 

 tested, and it may need to be overhauled. All repair 

 parts and all insecticides and fungicides should be ordered 

 well in advance of the spraying seaspn. 



