356 The Principles of Fruit-growing 



extract, add about two pounds soap to each fifty gallons to 

 make it spread and stick better. Repeat the application in a 

 week or ten days. In houses, tobacco smoke, pyrethrum 

 poured upon coals held under the vines, syringing with 

 tobacco-water or soapsuds. 

 Rosb-Chateb (Macrodactylus svbspinosus). — ^The ungainly, 

 long-legged grayish beetles occur in sandy regions, and often 

 swarm into vineyards and destroy the blossoms and foliage. 



At the first appearance of tiie beetles, spray with arsenate 

 of lead at the rate of eight to ten pounds in one hundred gal- 

 lons of water, to which should be added one gallon of molasses. 

 Hickory. Leaf-Spot {Marsonia juglandis). — Large leaf-spot, caus- 

 ing premature dying of leaves. 



Spraying with bordeaux mixture may be of value. 

 Gall Aphis {Phylloxera sp.). — ^Yellowish green plant-Uce causing 

 hollow galls on the leaves, petioles and smaU twigs. 



Spray with contact insecticides as buds are opening in 

 the spring. 

 Peach. Blight {Coryneum beyerinkii). — A spotting, gumming and 

 death of the buds and twigs, particularly in the lower parts 

 of the tree. The fruit drops. 



For California conditions, two applications bordeaux 

 mixture, 6-5-50, or lime-sulfur, 1-10, (1) in November or 

 December, and (2) in February or March. 

 Lbap-Ctjkl (Exoascus deformans). — Leaves curl and wrinHe. 



Spray with lime-sulfur, 1-11, before buds swell. 

 Bbown-Rot (Sclerotinia fructigena) . — Rot on fruit and cankers 

 on hmbs. 



Spray with self-boUed lime-sulfur, 8-8-50, adding two 

 pounds arsenate of lead. Spray (1) about time shucks are 

 shedding from young fruit; (2) two or three weeks later; 

 (3) one month before fruit ripens. 

 Scab, or Black-Spot {Cladosporium carpophilum) . — Black scab- 

 like spots on fruit. 



Self-boiled lime-sulfur applied as under Brown-Rot. 

 Black Aphis (Aphis persicx-^iger) . — A small black or brown 

 plant-louse, which attacks the tops and roots of peach trees. 

 When upon the roots it is a very serious enemy, stunting the 

 tree and perhaps kilhng it. Thrives in sandy lands. 



Kerosene emulsion; tobacco decoction and extracts. 



