6 COyTENTS 



XI. Laboratory Studiks of thk Flower. — Exeivise XXIX., The ovules 

 and o^'ary. Exercise XXX., The iiollen ami stamen. PJxeri'i.se XXXI., The 

 perianth.' E.xeri.i--ie XXX!!.. Arranf;einent of rioral organs. Exerci.se 

 XXXIII., Inrinresceuce. E.wicise XXXIV., The tiowers ol Cvni/ersc.^ 

 Further work on the flower 9',l-103 



XII. The Flower. — General morphology. Ovules, The pistil. Pistil of 

 the symnosperms. Pollen. Stamens. Perianth. Forms of corolla and 

 ealyxl Functions. The receptacle. Floral plan. Morphological nature 

 of floral organs. Suppression, aduation, coalescence. Processes leading to 

 foriaatii>n of seed : pollination, fertilization. Structure of the pollen grain. 

 Cellular structure of plants. Growth of the pollen grain, penetration of 

 pollen tube, fertilization. Ecology of the flower. Self- and cross-fertiliza- 

 tion. The former often prevented. Agencies and adaptations for inter- 

 crossing. Wintl, water, animals. Cf/pripediuin. Salvia. Mifchrlla, 

 Opening and closing of the Catchfly. Protection of nectar. Grouping of 

 flowers. Effect of crossing. Supplementary reading. Supp^lementary 

 studies: field work on ecology of the flower. Terminology of the flower. 



103-113 



XIII. Laboratory Studies of the Fruit. — Exercise XXXV., Floral 

 organs invidved in the fruit. Exercise XXXVI., The seed. Outgrowths of 

 the testa. Exercise XXX'S'II., The fruit in relation to dissemination. 144-147 



XIV. The Fruit. — Xature and origin. The kinds. Simple, aggregate, 

 accessory, and multiple fruits. Stone and dry fruits. Dehiscent and inde- 

 hiscent fruits. Berry, pome, drupe, achene. caryopsis, flg. The seed. 

 Ecology of fruit and .seed as regards dissemination .... 147-156 



X\'. Laboratory' Studies of CRY'PToo.ijis. — Nostoc. Plenrococcns. 

 S[)irtigyra. Vaucheria. Ectocarpns. Rockweed. Polysijihonia. Xenia- 

 liou. Bacteria. Yeast. Rhizopus. Saprolegniaccic. Peziza. ^ticro- 

 sphau-a. Toadstool. Lichen. Marchantia. Moss. Fern. Sclaginella. 

 Lycopodium. Ec^uisetum 157-HJS 



XVI. CRY'PTor.AMS. — General statement. Blue-green Alg* : characters of 

 the group: Nostoc. Oscillatoria. Green Alga^ : general characters: Plenro- 

 coccns, Ulothrix, .Spirogyra, Vaucheria. Brown Alga-: general characters, 

 habitat, etc.; Ectooarpus (Cutleria), Rockweed. Red Algfe: characteris- 

 tics, habitat ; tetraspores (Polysiphonia), Xemalion. General summary of 

 reproduction in ^Vlg;e. Fungi; general statement; Bacteria; Yeasts: 

 Bread Mold; Water Mold; Sac Fiuigi, Peziza. 5Iicrospha?ra, Aspergillus: 

 Rusts; Basidiomycetes, Toadstool, Clavaria. Hydnnm, Polyporns. Lichens. 

 Liverworts and Jlosses. oNIarchantia. Mosses. Ferns and their allies. 

 Ferns. Selaginella. Other Pteridophytes : Lycopodium, Eqnisetum. Re- 

 lationship of Cryptogams and Phanerogams ; the transition and homologies. 



1«S-212 



X\TI. The Mixute Axatojiy' of Flowerixg Plants. — Cellular struc- 

 ture. Tlie cell: protoplasm, nucleus, nuclear division, cytoplasm, chloro- 

 phyll bodies, vacuoles, sap cavity. Starch. Pi-otein grannies. Calcium 

 oxalate. Multinuclear cells. Cell wall and modifications. Modified cells. 

 Wood fibers. Bast fibers. Collenchyma. Grit cells. Cell fusion. Latex 

 tubes. Fibrovascular bundles. Structure of stems. Strnctnre of leaves. 

 Structure of roots 212-229 



XVIII. A Brief Oitlixe of Vegetahle Physioloi;y. — Constituents of 

 the plant body. Sources of constituents. Absorption of water: of nutrient 

 salts. Transfer of water, ^oot pressure. Ascent of sap. Transpiration. 

 Carbon assimilation. Digestion. Formatiim of allinmiuons matter. Trans- 

 locaficm of Food. Storage. Respiration. Resting periods. (Trowth : phases, 

 grand period, fluctuations, conditions, iloveinents, spontaneous, induced. 

 Circumnutation. Geotropism, heliotroi^ism, hydrotropism. \'ariations of 

 light and heat. Change of turgidity. Irritability .... 22!t-24U 



ArPENDLX 241-2.'i!i 



I.NDEX AND Glossary 2tJl-272 



