24 LABOIiATOHY tiTUJ)IES OF BUDS 



Horse-chestnut. — Xote the aiiaiiyeuient of the scales. Of tlie leaf 

 scars on the tw ig. 



Ueniove the scales by cutting at the base. Separate the woob 

 covered nieiubers within ami remove them, counting and noting dow n 

 the number of pairs. Holding one of these parts by its stalk, scrape 

 olf much of the wool, first from the back, th(jn from bet\^een the leaf- 

 lets. 



Cut longitudinally down through the bud core, or axis, after remov- 

 ing all scales and leaves. AVitli the lens notice the slioit, narrow, 

 conical part upon which the leaves proper, not the scales, were inserted. 

 How many internodes ' in this bnd axis'? (Kefer to the iiundjer of 

 pairs of leaves removeil.) How many internodes in the last season's 

 growth on the same twig? Does the bud contain an ordinar\' year's 

 growth, as to number of internodes and leaves'? 



Draw: The bud entire (x 2). One of the young leaves, spread 

 out ( X 3). 



■Witch-hazel.- — Xote the surface of the bud leaves. Scrape. Use 

 the lens. Beneath the exterior coating- is the leaf soft, green, and 

 apparently alive, or leathery and dead? Pull the bud to pieces. Are 

 any parts different from the outer leaves? The latter, as well as the 

 inner ones, finally develop into foliage leaves. There are no scales. 

 Such buds are termed nuked huds. Draw the bud entire (x 2). 



Exercise VIII. 



The Tulip Tree (Llriodendmn). — Xote the flatfish form of the bud ; 

 the nearly ronnd'sear near the base. Separate the two exterior scales 

 at the tip. and pull them off. Kelatively to the little leaf now .seen, 

 in what position does the next pair of scales stand? Examine all re- 

 maining parts. "What is the round scar at the base of tlie outer pair 

 of scales? What is the morphology of the scales? 



Draw the bud after removal of the outer envelop. 



Magnolia. — Does the caplike covering of the bud consist of two 

 parts fused in growth, or is it single? What is the small scar at one 

 side of the bud? Examine the contents of the bnd. What is the 

 morphology of the bad cap? Draw the bud, showing the scar. 



Additional Studies 



Make a study of several other buds as dii-ected by the teacher. 

 Among tliese, the buds of Mountain Ash (Pi/ni.'i Americana or P. 

 Aucuparid), Green Brier (^Smilax rntundifnila). Mullein. Dandelion, and 

 some subterranean bud like those of SmUacina, Trilliiun. Saiit/uinaria. 

 or Ucularia, are suggested. 



' Interspaces between leaves. ^ For alternative material, see Aiiiiendix. 



