LAbOliATonr STUDIES OF CRYPTOaAMS 163 



fied. (But it the couipouiiJ inicioscope is to be used, deluy drawiug 

 until lurther examination has been made.) 



376 (Componnd). With a moderate power reexamine the ma- 

 terial noting the composition of the white coating and the details 

 of the perithecia. Draw a perithecium, showing one or two appen- 

 dages with care, and indicating the rest. Press down the cover glass 

 so as to rupture some of the perithecia. Draw one of the spore-eon- 

 taiuing organs. In what essential respect, if an}', does it differ from 

 the ascus of Peziza? 



377. Toadstool, illustrative of Basidiomycetes. — Draw the habit. 

 Cut smoothly down through the middle of the uml>rella, so as to split 

 the stem at the junction with the umbrella. Draw the section of the 

 nnibrella and summit of stem as now seen. Label the radial folds 

 gills (^lamella!) ; the part from which they are suspended, the piUiis. 

 Do all the gills extend from the margin of the pileus to the stem or 

 stipe? Are the inner ends of the gills attached to the stipe? Draw 

 a diagram of a sector of the umbrella as seen from below, to show 

 arrangement of gills. • 



378 (Compound). With a wet razor .section a portion of the 

 umbrella so as to get cross sections of the gills. Carefully wash the 

 sections fioni the lazor to a slide, covei', and examine with low and 

 high powers. If small and thin-gilled s]iccies ai'e used, sections need 

 not be made; simply mount a i>iece of the gill ilatwise, when the 

 spores will be seen, grouped in a particidar way, and at the edge of 

 the piece the manner in wluch tlie spores are borne will probably be 

 seen. How many spores are borne upon the same swollen hypha ti|) 

 (basidium)'^ How are they attached to the basidium? Draw a basid- 

 ium with spores. Make a diagram of the cross section of a gill, 

 showing where the spores are borne. Label the layer in which the 

 basidia are toun 1 hifmeninm. 



With needles dis.sect small pieces of the stipe and pileus, and 

 examine with the high power. f)f wluxt microscopic elements is the 

 toadstool made npV 



379 (Simple). Lichen. — Examine the lichen with the hand lens. 

 Is there stem or leaf, or an appearance of a main axis of growth? Is 

 there indication of green (chlorophyllous) color? Are there struc- 

 tures resembling the .spore-beai-ing portion of any fungus heretofore 

 studied? Draw one of the "fruit" bodies {apnlhcrin) as seen fi-om 

 above, much magnified. The deeper-colored layer nearly Hlling the 

 saucer is the hymenium. Di'aw the apothecium in outline as seen 

 f)om the side. 



380 (Compound or Simple). Detacli an apothecium, place it in a 

 piece of pith split to hold it, and section it as thin as ]iossil_>le with a 

 wet razoi'. Mount the sections in water, and examine with the lens 

 or a low power of the microscope. Draw the section of the apothe- 



