Yi TABLE OF CONTENTS 



CHAPTEE IV 



PAGE 



Vebtebeates: Backbone and Beain 81 



The advance of vertebrates from fish through amphibia and reptiles to 

 mammals. — The development of skeleton, appendages, circulatory and 

 respiratory systems, and brain. — Mammals : The oviparous monotremata. 

 — Marsupials. — Placental mammals. — Development of the placenta. — Prim- 

 ates. — Arboreal life and the development of the hand. — Comparison of man 

 with the highest apes. — Becapitulation of the history of man's origin and 

 development. — The sequence of dominant functions. 



OHAPTEE V 



The History of Mental Development and its 

 Sequence of Functions 113 



Mode of investigation. — Intellect. — Sense-perceptions. — Association. — 

 Inference and understanding. — Bational intelligence. — Modes of mental or 

 nervous action. — Reflex action, unconscious and comparatively mechanical. 

 — Instinctive action : The actor is conscious, but guided by heredity. — In- 

 telligent action. — The actor is conscious, guided by intelligence resulting 

 from experience or observation. — The will stimulated by motives. — Appe- 

 tites. — Pear and other prudential considerations. — Care for young and love 

 of mates. — The dawn of unselfishness. — Motives furnished by the rational 

 Intelligence : Truth, right, duty. — Recapitulation : The will, stimulated by 

 ever higher motives, is finally to be dominated by unselfishness and love 

 of truth and righteousness. — These rouse the only inappeasable hunger, 

 and are capable of indefinite development. — Strength of these motives. — 

 Their complete dominance the goal of human development. 



CHAPTEE VI 



Natueal Selection and Environment .... 152 



The reversal of the sequence of functions leads to extermination, degen- 

 eration, or, rarely, to stagnation. — Natural selection becomes more un- 

 sparing as we go higher. — Extinction. — Severity of the struggle for life. — 

 Environment one. — But lower animals come into vital relation with but a 

 small part of it. — It consists of a myriad of forces, which, as acting on a 



