THE HISTORY OF MENTAL DEVELOPMENT 147 



notice them. Eeproduction comes to the aid of mind. 

 The young are bom more and more immature. They 

 begin to receive the care of the parent. The love of 

 the parent for the young is at first short lived and 

 feeble. But it is the genuine article, and, like the 

 mustard-seed planted in good soil, must grow. It 

 strengthens and deepens. Soon it begins to widen 

 also. Social life, very rude and imperfect, appears. 

 And the members of this social group support, help, 

 and defend one another. And doing for one another 

 and helping each other, however slightly and imper- 

 fectly, strengthens their affection for one another. The 

 animal is still selfish, so is man frequently, but it is 

 in a fair way to become unselfish, and this is all we 

 can reasonably expect of it. 



For these are vast revolutions from reflex action to 

 instinct, and from instinct to the reign of the individual 

 will, and from appetite to selfishness on the ground of 

 higher motives, and from immediate gratification to 

 prudential considerations. And the crowning change 

 of all is from selfishness to love. And each one of 

 them takes time. Eemember that the Old Testament 

 history is the record of how God taught one little 

 people that there is but one God, Jehovah. Think of 

 the struggles, defeats, and captivities which the Israel- 

 ites had to undergo before they learned this lesson, and 

 even then only a fraction of the people ever learned it 

 at all. As the prophet foretold, so it came to pass. 

 Though Israel was as the sand by the sea-shore, but a 

 remnant was saved. 



But while we seek to do full justice to the animal, 

 let us not underestimate the vast differences between 

 it and man. The true evolutionist takes no low view 



