Trees and Shrubs 6i 



and straw and lime, if it can be obtained at a 

 moderate price. 



In case there is underlying the whole region 

 a coarse gravel or impenetrable clay, all attempts 

 are hopeless. Any one who plants lindens in heavy 

 loam, chestnuts in marl, beeches in peat, planes 

 in quicksand, as I have often seen done, has him- 

 self to blame when he raises cripples instead of 

 trees. So much for transplanting single trees. With 

 regard to the art of their grouping I will add the 

 following : Frequently several trees may be planted 

 close together in one and the same hole, some 

 fork-like ; sometimes five to six should be placed 

 in almost straight lines, etc.; for groups symmet- 

 rically rounded off become as monotonous in the 

 end as do regular alleys. The accompanying illus- 

 tration (Plate III, a and b) shows two ground- 

 plans with the same number of trees, one badly 

 and one well grouped: c shows artificially, and 

 d naturally, planted groups. On slopes, because 

 of the long shadows they throw, single trees show 

 better than groups. On flat ground trees should 

 less often stand out singly, but should be so dis- 

 posed as to give the eye a certain continuity of 

 view, not too much broken up, here by sweep- 

 ing, there by nearer, sometimes round, sometimes 

 extended, groups. 



A pleasing effect is frequently obtained by 

 planting two entirely different species of trees in 

 the same hole, such as birch and alder, willow 

 and oak, of which I possess a very picturesque 

 specimen in my "pleasure-ground," or by allow- 



