PISTILS AND STAMENS 15 
A pistil like that of the Apple is called a compound pistil, 
and the pistil-like structures which compose it, instead of being 
called pistils, are called carpels. Thus in Figure 8, each of the 
branches in the upper region of the pistil is the upper portion of 
a carpel. If the enlarged bases of these were separated, then 
each carpel would resemble the pistil of the Cherry or Plum 
flower. Pistils like those of the Cherry and Plum consist of only 
one carpel and are, therefore, called simple pistils. In flowers 
having but one carpel, pistil and carpel mean thesame thing. The 
flower of the Cotton Plant, shown in Figure 9, has a compound 
pistil in which the carpels are more united than in the Apple. 
In most flowers the stamens are separate from one another 
(polyadelphous), but in some groups of plants they are more or 
A se Cc 
Fie. 11. — A, hypogynous flower of Pink; B, perigynous flower of Cherry; 
C, epigynous flower of Wild Carrot. Modified from Warming. 
less united (monadelphous). In Cotton and other plants of this 
group, the stamens are joined in such a way as to form a tube 
around the pistil. (Fig. 9.) In Clover, Alfalfa, and some other 
plants of this family, the ten stamens form two groups (diadel- 
phous), nine being joined and one remaining free. 
The relative positions of the different parts of the flower show 
considerable variation. In some flowers, as those of the Dande- 
lion or Sunflower illustrate, the calyx, corolla, and stamens arise 
from the top of the ovary. (Fig. 24.) Such flowers are epigy- 
nous, i.e., the floral structures are on the gynous the word 
“ gynous ” referring to the ovary, which in this case is described 
as inferior. In the Basswood flower, calyx, corolla, and stamens 
are attached to the receptacle at the base of the ovary, which is 
