vill CONTENTS 
CHAPTER PAGE 
VIII. Roors . j mo Shatner ey ne Sm VSO 
General foabines of roots red SO Gata ce sy CoP vans. pce 135 
Root structure boa ie ev MAS 
Factors influencing the direction a pantie in oe S es 150 
The soil as the home of roots Geeky cialis oth so 152 
Water, air, and parasitic roots 2... 1... 2... «(162 
Propagation by roots . . 6... ee ee eee oe 8 163 
IX. Stems : Stat ese apces Gar ores « LOO 
Characteristic features and aes bee stems By 68. ie 166 
Gencral structure of stems 40 166 
Structure of monocotyledonous stems Aly aah hes 187 
Structure of herbaceous dicotyledonous stems i md 192 
Structure of woody stems ‘ ‘ 197 
X. Bups: GrowrTu or Stems; PRUNING; PROPAGATION BY STEMS 204 
Buds . 204 
Growth of stems z 213 
Pruning ae 221 
Propagation by means of stems oe. ise Weems 225 
XJ. Leaves ; bc fk 233 
Characteristic features of leaves o 3 . 233 
Primary and secondary leaves ‘ 2 F 234 
Gencral structure of leaves . ‘ oar 242 
Cellular structure of leaves F 5 246 
The manufacture of food by leaves S-Boad ge 202 
Factors influencing photosynthesis : oe one CHAO 
Transpiration from plants ; - 260 
Respiration S  epadroae Suencae oe 269 
Special forms of leaves - Se ee eee A te ee DO 
Uscs of the photosynthetic iow: ks See. ee bade edhe 
PART II 
Puants as To Kinps, Revationsuirs, EvoLtutTion, anp Hrerepiry 
XII. Intropuction . . : ‘ i Poe ee Soa 289 
XIII. THALLornytTes . . 296 
Algae (Thallophytes with a Oe pigment) 296 
Gencral characteristics . 296 
Blue-green Algae (Cyanophyceac) . . ‘ : 297 
Green Algae (Chlorophyceac) ine : 301 
Brown Algac (Phaeophycecae) 5 A F 318 
Red Algae (Rhodophyceae) 324 
Some Alga-like Thallophytes not definitely dassified 329 
