GRAFTING 229 
causes they are not hardy. On the other hand, some trees are 
hardy but produce poor fruits. Now by grafting cions from the 
trees bearing delicious fruits on the hardy trees as stocks, one may 
obtain individuals that are hardy and at the same time bear 
Fic. 210. — Cuttings of Sugar Cane being properly placed in the trenches, 
after which they are covered by dragging dirt into the trenches. After 
N. A. Cobb. 
delicious fruits. Second, it enables one to preserve bud sports, 
which are individual branches that show qualities strikingly dif- 
ferent from other branches of the same plant. Since bud sports 
rarely take root from cuttings or come true from seed, grafting 
is usually the only way of preserving them; and so important 
are bud sports that most of the best varieties of such fruits as 
Apples, Pears, and Oranges have originated as sports, which, after 
being grafted on stocks, became trees which by further grafting 
have been multiplied. 
Often minor influences of the stock on the cion, such as dwarfing, 
hastening the fruiting period, or altering the time of blossoming, 
are desirable, and are obtained by grafting the cion on suitable 
stocks. For example, Pears are dwarfed and fruit at an earlier 
age when grafted on the Quince. Apples are influenced in the 
same way when grafted on the so-called ‘‘ Paradise ” stock, a name 
