BUDDING 231 
Tomato and Nightshade just described, an explanation has been 
obtained for some so-called graft-hybrids, one of note being the 
Cytisws Adami which was produced many years ago by grafting to- 
gether two shrubs, one having purple and the other yellow flowers. 
Fie. 212. — Layering of the grape vine. The vine has been bent to the 
ground and covered, and from it roots and shoots are developing. 
Asa result of this graft and further grafting, shrubs having some 
branches bearing purple flowers and others bearing yellow flowers 
were obtained. Even a flower might be part purple and part yel- 
low. For a long time some thought these strange plants were true 
hybrids, but now we are quite sure that they are only chimeras. 
Budding. — Budding is similar to grafting, the principal differ- 
ence being in the character of the cion. In budding, instead of 
twigs or branches, only a small strip of bark bearing a bud is used. 
This strip of bark, which is cut so that it has cambium on its 
inner face, is inserted into the young bark of the stock in such 
a way that the cambiums can unite. A study of Figure 214 will 
show how the bud is inserted. After a T-shaped cut is made in 
the young bark of the stock, the bark on the edges of the cut is 
lifted and the cion is slipped in, the lifted bark on each side 
holding it in place. After the cion is in place, it is fastened more 
firmly by wrapping strings around the stem just above and below 
the inserted bud. Peaches are quite commonly propagated by 
budding and sometimes Apples, Pears, and other fruit trees are 
propagated in this way. 
