ASPERGILLUS 375 
higher Red Algae, such as Polysiphonia, for as the ascogenous 
hyphae develop from the ascogonium, sterile hyphae, growing up 
from below the ascogonium, form a compact hard wall which 
makes a case for the asci and ascospores, just as the filaments 
growing up from below the 
carpogonium produce a case 
for the carpospores in Poly- 
siphonia. 
The Blue and Green Molds 
(Plectascales). — Super fi- 
cially these Molds resemble 
the true Molds discussed 
under the Mucorales, but 
their spore masses are gen- 
erally green or blue, while 
those of the true Molds are 
black. There are about 250 
known species in this order, 
but they are saprophytes and 
only a few of them are of 
much importance. They 
bear their ascospores in 
closed ascocarps or Cleisto- 
thecia. Aspergillus and 
Penicillium are two familiar Fic. 326.—A species of Aspergillus. 
genera of the order. A, a portion of a mycelium, showing a 
Aspergillus.—These Molds conidiophore bearing chains of conidia 
(300); B, sex organs coiled about each 
BEE commonly aes On ac~ other and consisting of hyphe similar 
count of their greenish spore in appearance; C, the cleistothecium 
masses. One form known which develops after fertilization and in 
as the Herbarium Mold is which the asci develop (X 200). 
troublesome in herbariums 
where it attacks specimens that are not well dried. They 
often occur along with the true Molds. They will grow 
on cheese, leather, wall paper, fruit, hay, silage, and on 
most any damp object from which they can obtain nourish- 
ment. Some are poisonous and stock are injured and 
sometimes killed by eating them in moldy Corn, hay, and 
silage. 
The loose extensive mycelium runs over and through the 
