CEDAR APPLES AND APPLE RUST (GYMNOSPORANGIUM) 401 
. hope, however, seems to be in breeding and selectin vfrieties of 
grains which can resist the attack of the Rust, and e progress 
has already been made in this direction. ; 
Cedar Apples and Apple Rust (Gymnospox@figium).! — There 
are several Rusts belonging'to this group, at the one producing 
Cedar Apples and the Rust 
on Apple trees is the most 
common and the most im- 
portant of the group. It is 
common in nearly’ every 
region where Red Ceda 
grow, but does most da e 
to fruit trees in the EgStern 
and Southern states lives 
a part of its life cygie on the 
Cedar, producinggfall-like en- 
largements on she branches, 
and a part 
the Apple tree where it at- 
tacks the leaves and fruit, 
often causing much damage 
to the fruit (Fig. 358). It 
is the gall-like enlargements 
on the Cedar tree that are 
called Cedar apples, although 
they are not apples at all. ‘ d 
In Figure 359 are shown Fic. 359.— Cedar Apples on the 
Cedar. This is the way the galls look 
Cedar apples as they appee? in winter. From Bulletin 257, Wiscon- 
in the winter. In the spring gin Agr. Exp. Sta. 
gummy branches containing 
many teleutospores develop on these galls which then look like 
the one shown in Figure 360. The teleutospores produce basidio- 
spores which are blown to the Apple tree where they start the 
1 The Cedar-Apple Fungi and Apple Rust in Iowa. Bulletin 84, Iowa 
Agr. Exp. Sta., 1905. 
The Life History of the Cedar Rust Fungus Gymnosporangium juniperi- 
virginianae. Annual Report 22, pp. 105-113, Nebraska Agr. Exp. Sta., 1909. 
Apple Rust and its Control in Wisconsin. Bulletin 257, Wisconsin Agr. 
Exp. Sta., 1915. 
The Cedar Rust Disease of Apples caused by Gymnosporangium juniperi- 
virginianae Schw. Technical Bulletin 9, Virginia Agr. Exp. Sta., 1915. 
